Sloboda Scientific Journal. Natural Sciences

STRUCTURAL AND LITHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ILMENITE-BEARING STRATA OF THE KATERYNIVSKE DEPOSIT

Olena Ganzha — 2025-07-01

The article presents the general geological characteristics of the Katerynivske ilmenite deposit, which is located within the Volyn titanium region (north-eastern part of the Ukrainian shield). With the use of modern means of information support, the ore characteristics of the Katerynivske deposit were investigated. During the geological development of the territory, a spatially combined ore-bearing system was formed within the boundaries of the Katerynivske deposit, which is composed of formations of different ages and genetics and collectively has a significant ore-bearing potential. In the structure of the productive deposit, eluvial and fluvial terrigenous formations make up about 50%. In the composition of fluvial terrigenous formations, Mesozoic-Cenozoic Lower Cretaceous-Miocene formations make up 15%; Miocene-Pliocene – no more than 1%; Neogene-Lower Quaternary alluvial – 60%, alluvial-lacustrine – about 2%; breeds of lower-middle Quaternary age – 2%; mid-Quaternary subtidal sands – 25% of their volume. In the weathering crust, the ilmenite content is 16.7 – 376 kg/m³; only in some areas with the most uniform content of ilmenite, its average content is about 80 kg/ m3. The distribution of the average content of ilmenite in the weathering crust is 16.7 – 376 kg/m³, in the ore layer of the sedimentary part of the lateral deposit – 2.6 – 640.3 kg/m3 (average – 63.7 kg/m3). In addition to ilmenite, the following minerals are present in small quantities: leucoxene, limonite, apatite, marcasite, titano-magnetite, siderite, garnets, staurolite, rutile, zircon, tourmaline, marcasite.Sands with a conditional content of ilmenite both in section and in the area of the deposit are characterized by significant heterogeneity.These are fine-medium-grained, often clayey (clay component content 6.4 – 30%, sometimes up to 50%). Ilmenite is fine-medium- grained: 56% of its grains have a size of 0.8 – 0.14 mm, 12 – 18% – more than 0.071 mm, 1.0 – 2.6% less than 0.071 mm.

DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENT POLLUTION IN DNIEPER RESERVOIRS: COMBINING HYDROCHEMICAL AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

Maryna Hryha — 2025-07-01

The Dnieper River's surface waters are under constant anthropogenic pressure due to various wastewater discharges. These discharges introduce nutrients to water that negatively impact the aquatic ecosystem, driving eutrophication which is the process that occurs when the environment becomes enriched with nutrients, increasing the amount of plant and algae growth. Nutrients include nitrogen and phosphorus compounds due to their ability to affect the vital functions of microorganisms and plants and cause biogenic pollution of water bodies. As the Dnipro River provides drinking and food water for 70% of the population, studying its pollution dynamics is strategically vital. The Dnipro reservoir cascade exhibits heightened sensitivity to biogenic contamination due to diminished water exchange rates, sedimentation, and progressive shallowing of extensive regions. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of nutrient pollution in reservoir surface waters using hydrochemical analyses and remote sensing techniques. The study focused on the Dnieper Reservoir and the lower Kamianske Reservoir, specifically from Auly to Dnipro. It examined long-term and seasonal changes in ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43-) concentrations in surface waters from 2015 to 2023 and analyzed NDWI derived from Sentinel-2A satellite data from 2017 to 2023. The findings indicated that the Dnieper and lower Kamianske Reservoirs form a single ecological-hydrochemical zone, characterized by similar annual and seasonal nutrient distribution patterns. Long-term ammonium trends show a gradual increase across the study area. Phosphate levels exhibited greater seasonal variability than ammonium, peaking in August-September, which aligned with maximum eutrophication with algae bloom observed via satellite imagery. Seasonal water quality trends, based on ammonium and NDWI, revealed consistent increases in pollution during the growing season, followed by a slowdown in colder months. Combining hydrochemical and remote sensing data provides a robust method for assessing surface water pollution dynamics, which can inform the development of effective monitoring systems and water quality management strategies.

THE TECHNOGENIC COMPONENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL RISKS OF LANDSLIDE HAZARD ON THE EXAMPLE OF CADASTRAL PLOTS OF KOSIV DISTRICT

Dmytro Kasiyanchuk — 2025-07-01

The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to analyse landslide hazard processes by assessing the impact of anthropogenic factors on land use within the Kosiv district of Ivano-Frankivsk region. The growing negative consequences of landslide processes within the study area, especially in the Ukrainian Carpathians, necessitates the creation of new approaches to land resources assessment and civil engineering in order to reduce the negative impact of landslides on the environment and human activity. Landslide processes were studied using geophysical, GPS and geostatistical data analysis methods. Based on the map layers of the land cadastre and the landslide risk map of Kosiv district, a vector analysis was conducted to assess the risk of each site according to its cadastral number. QGIS was used to calculate the environmental and geological risks of man-made components of landslide-prone areas using geoinformation and geostatistical analysis tools. An important result of the study was the construction of landslide risk maps for land plots based on the State Geocadastre data using the Kadastr.Live dashboard plug-in. For the first time, an analysis of the anthropogenic components of landslide risk in the Kosiv district was carried out as a basis for assessing the landslide risk of individual land plots. The risk analysis was carried out on the example of individual plots as a basis for clarifying regulatory and financial assessments, changing the designated purpose of land plots and carrying out economic activities that require hydrogeological research. The methodology of dividing landslide hazard assessment factors into natural and anthropogenic ones allows to identify the areas with the highest probability of landslide occurrence and activation within the studied territory when studying the characteristics of natural factors.

SATELLITE DATA APPLICATION FOR MONITORING AND ANALYZING PEATLAND FIRES IN POLTAVA REGION (AUGUST- NOVEMBER 2024)

Iryna Melnyk — 2025-07-01

The article is devoted to the study of peat fires in the Poltava region using remote sensing methods. Peatlands are important ecosystems that play a key role in regulating water balance, preserving biodiversity and accumulating carbon. However, they are often negatively affected by fires, which leads to environmental and economic damage. The paper considers the features of peat fires, their causes and consequences, as well as the possibilities of using satellite data for their monitoring and analysis. The study was conducted using the example of the Lubensky district of the Poltava region, where 10 non-forest peatland fires were recorded between August and November 2024. Satellite images of Sentinel-2 L2A were used for monitoring, which made it possible to detect active foci of combustion and burnt areas. The use of multispectral analysis, in particular the channels of the short-wave infrared range (SWIR), as well as vegetation (NDVI), water (NDWI) indices, Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), and Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), made it possible to assess the degree of damage to vegetation and the hydrological regime of peatlands. The results of the study confirmed the high efficiency of using satellite data to monitor peat fires and their consequences. The detection of primary combustion foci is critical for establishing the causes of fires and planning fire-fighting measures. The analysis of the NDVI time dynamics showed a significant decrease in the state of vegetation after fires. The article emphasizes the need for further research using remote sensing methods to monitor peat fires, as well as the importance of combining satellite data with ground and aerial observations to obtain a more complete picture of the state of peatlands.

ASSESSMENT OF THE GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF THE STAVCHANKA RIVER VALLEY WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY OF PUSTOMYTY

Yuriy Nakonechnyy — 2025-07-01

A comprehensive study was conducted using field ('wet' organoleptic) and laboratory (Kachinsky's method) methods of the granulometric composition of soils of the Stavchanka River valley within the city of Pustomyty, Lviv region. The Stavchanka River is a small river that flows in the Lviv region, has a length of 24 km and is the right tributary of the Shchyrka River, which, in turn, flows into the Dniester River.We carried out the study of the granulometric composition only in mineral soils of the river valley, namely in sod and meadow soils on ancient alluvial deposits. In lowland organogenic peatlands, which are also common in the studied area, the study of the granulometric composition was not carried out, since these soils consist of more than 50% of organic material (various degrees of decomposition of organic matter). It was found that the studied mineral soils are characterized by a light loam granulometric composition in the upper horizons (physical clay content 20–30%), however, in the middle part of the profile in meadow soils it is medium loam with a physical clay content of 30–39%, and in the soil-forming rock of both sod and meadow soils the granulometric composition is sandy (physical clay content 16–18%). Among the fractions of granulometric elements, the predominance of the sandy fraction, which consists of well-rolled ancient alluvial deposits, is clearly visible. Its content in the genetic horizons of the studied soils ranges from 30–54%. The silt content is characterized by wide amplitudes of values throughout the profile of sod and meadow soils of the Stavchanka River valley within the city of Pustomyty (from 6 to 29%), and there is an alternation of horizons with a higher and lower silt content along the profile of the studied soils. This confirms the idea that these soils underwent a floodplain phase of soil formation, where there was an annual accumulation of freshly deposited alluvium on the surface of these soils. The obtained research results will be useful to landowners and land users of the research area when conducting scientifically substantiated economic activities on these lands.

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY VULNERABILITY FACTORS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Igor Udalov — 2025-07-01

The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the vulnerability factors of groundwater quality in Donbas (using the example of water intakes in Luhansk region) in the conditions of the current technogenic crisis. It is described that groundwater in fractured rocks of the Upper Cretaceous and coal deposits is of practical importance for centralized domestic and drinking water supply.The hydrogeological conditions and features of mine drainage in mining and industrial areas of Donbas are analyzed. The complex interaction of hydraulically and filtrationally connected mines, water intakes, surface water bodies, technogenically altered zones of the geological environment (industrial sites, tailings dumps, industrial and domestic waste sites, etc.) is revealed. Natural and technogenic factors affecting the vulnerability of groundwater quality in modern conditions are highlighted. For a regional assessment of the degree and scale of changes in hydrogeological conditions, a preliminary regional forecast of contamination of aquifers used for domestic and drinking water supply, it is proposed to use a comprehensive assessment of groundwater vulnerability. A comprehensive assessment of groundwater vulnerability is based on a variable assessment of a particular sum of factors affecting the deterioration of quality, changes in the conditions for the formation and reduction of environmental indicators of the state and use of groundwater resources.Based on a comprehensive assessment of the action of natural and technogenic factors, gradations of vulnerability of groundwater quality are highlighted. It is proven that the use of a comprehensive assessment of groundwater vulnerability will significantly increase the complexity and reliability of ecological and hydrogeological forecasts in the process of restoring in mining and industrial areas of Donbas within the Luhansk region and other regions. A regional forecast assessment of contamination of aquifers used for drinking water supply is presented. Based on the results of the preliminary forecast, recommendations for further research are given to prevent the impact of mine closures on aquifers used for drinking water supply.

TETERIV RIVER GEOSYSTEM: DESCRIPTION OF NATURAL COMPONENTS AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

Larysa Shevchuk — 2025-07-01

The article presents a comprehensive study of the Teteriv River geosystem as an important component of the Dnipro basin. It examines the main natural characteristics of the river system and analyzes the consequences of anthropogenic impact. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the spatial differentiation of landscape complexes along the Teteriv River from its source to mouth – from the hilly relief of the Podillia Upland to typical Polissia landscapes with sandy terraces and waterlogged floodplains. Based on monitoring research analysis, the main water quality problems of the Teteriv River have been identified, particularly the consistently high content of total iron and manganese, exceeding standards by 3.5–5.6 and 7–12.6 times respectively. A clear seasonal dynamics of pollution has been established, with a peak in the second quarter and gradual decrease in the third and fourth quarters, indicating a certain capacity of the river system for self-purification. The anthropogenic impacts on the river’s geosystem have been analyzed, primarily through the transformation of the natural hydrological regime due to the creation of a cascade of reservoirs (Chudniv, Denyshi, Vidsichne, Zhytomyr, Bilokrynytske) and numerous ponds (1,174). The article examines the main hazardous situations within the Teteriv geosystem, including catastrophic floods (April 2013) and low water levels (summer 2020), degradation of landscape complexes due to mining activities, and declining groundwater levels. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the Teteriv River geosystem have been identified, as well as opportunities and threats to its sustainable functioning. This allowed substantiating the need to develop comprehensive measures aimed at modernizing water management infrastructure, ecological rehabilitation of disturbed landscapes, creating an effective monitoring system, and adaptation to climate change. The research results have theoretical and practical significance for developing regional programs for ecological recovery of the Teteriv River, optimizing reservoir operation regimes, and improving the surface water quality monitoring system in the river basin.

PATTERNS OF RADIONUCLIDES ACCUMULATION IN VARIOUS AGE INDIVIDUALS OF ROACH IN THE DNIPRO (ZAPORIZHZHA) RESERVOIR

Tamila Ananieva — 2025-07-01

It had been determined the content levels and patterns of radionuclide accumulation in juvenile (0+, 1+, 2+) and sexually mature (3–4+) individuals of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), which is an object of fishing and can serve as an indicator species in the Dnipro Reservoir.The contents of artificial (137Cs, 90Sr) and natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) were determined on a scintillation spectrometer γ-radiation SEG-001 "AKP-S" and a β-radiation spectrometer SEB-01-150 (Ukraine) and expressed as specific radioactivity in Bq/ kg of natural wet weight. It was established that in the lower part of the Dnipro Reservoir in juvenile roach the levels of 137Cs and 90Sr uniformly increased with age by 39% and 85%, respectively; among natural radioisotopes, the level of 226Ra decreased by 32.5%, and the content of 232Th increased by 42% in three-year-old (2+) roach compared to this year's (0+) one. In the Samara Bay, the levels of 137Cs and 90Sr in three-year-old roach increased uniformly with age and exceeded the content of the corresponding radionuclides in this year's roach by 1.85 and 2.55 times, respectively. The fluctuations in the content of natural radionuclides in young roach were 12–26%, with the exception of 232Th, the content of which in two-year-old roach increased by 69%. In descending order of the average value of the accumulation coefficients in biological tissues of young roach from the lower part of the Dnipro reservoir, natural and artificial radionuclides can be arranged in the form of a sequential series: 137Cs > 232Th > 90Sr > 226Ra > 40K. In the Samara Bay, the value of the accumulation coefficient of 232Th in the tissues of juvenile (0+ and 2+) roach increased significantly and the rank order according to the ability of radioisotopes to bioaccumulation was as follows: 232Th > 137Cs > 90Sr > 226Ra > 40K. In sexually mature individuals of bream taken from different parts of the Dnipro Reservoir, the following rank order can be constructed based on the decreasing values of the accumulation coefficient of radionuclides in tissues and organs: 137Cs > 232Th > 226Ra > 90Sr > 40K. The increase in the levels of artificial radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in sexually mature individuals compared to this year's individuals was 44.2% and 29.1%, respectively, in the lower part of the reservoir, while in the Samara Bay the accumulation of both radionuclides was saturated, and their content increased by 1.8 times. According to the values of the specific activity of natural radioisotopes 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in the biological tissues of juvenile and sexually mature individuals of the roach, their significant accumulation with increasing age of the fish was not detected, and the multidirectional fluctuations of their content were from 10% to 40%.

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TITANIUM MINING USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

Yana Horyshnyakova — 2025-07-01

This study aims to assess the environmental safety of open-pit titanium mining by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify critical environmental impact factors and optimize corresponding mitigation strategies. The research contributes to the advancement of sustainable resource extraction by proposing a structured decision-making framework tailored to complex ecological challenges. A multi-criteria hierarchical model was developed, incorporating geological, hydrological, and ecological indicators relevant to titanium mining operations. The AHP method was adapted for environmental applications to enable systematic pairwise comparisons of impact factors, based on expert judgment and supported by post-project environmental monitoring data. This approach facilitated the determination of factor priority and the evaluation of mitigation alternatives. The results indicate that chemical contamination of surface and groundwater, disruption of hydrodynamic regimes, and soil degradation represent the most significant environmental risks. Priority mitigation measures include land reclamation, closed-loop water circulation systems, and long-term ecological restoration, aimed at minimizing negative impacts and enhancing ecosystem resilience. The study presents a novel application of AHP in the context of titanium mining, introducing an integrated framework that combines expert-based evaluation with empirical monitoring data. This fusion enhances predictive accuracy and supports informed decision-making in environmental management.The proposed approach serves as a practical tool for mining companies, environmental consultants, and regulatory agencies to assess ecological risks, improve monitoring systems, and implement sustainable mining practices. The methodology is adaptable to other sectors within the extractive industry facing similar environmental concerns. The integration of AHP with dynamic environmental monitoring demonstrates a high potential for assessing and mitigating the environmental impacts of open pit mining. This supports adaptive management and helps to balance industrial activity with environmental sustainability. Future research should explore hybrid modeling approaches to further enhance the predictive capabilities and accuracy of impact assessment.

ECOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MEADOW, NEMORAL, AND RUDERAL FLOROCENOTYPES OF THE HOLOSIIVSKYI NATIONAL NATURE PARK

Ihor Didenko — 2025-07-01

The article investigates the ecological prerequisites for productivity formation and assesses the potential of medicinal plants in the meadow, nemoral, and ruderal florocenotypes within the territory of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park. An analysis of the species composition of medicinal plants, their average projective cover, abundance, raw material yield, and biological stock was conducted.The research was based on the route method of floristic surveys with the establishment of sample plots, allowing for the determination of the spatial distribution of medicinal plants and their productivity in different florocenotype. The results showed that meadow florocenotypes are characterized by a high abundance of medicinal species, with the highest biological stock observed in Taraxacum officinale L., Origanum vulgare L. and Trifolium pratense L. In nemoral communities, the most productive species were Chelidonium majus L., Pulmonaria obscura Dumort and Urtica dioica L.. Ruderal florocenotypes contain significant medicinal raw material potential due to Amaranthus retroflexus L., Taraxacum officinale L. and Chenopodium album L., indicating their ability to actively regenerate and grow in anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems.The obtained data make it possible to assess the productive potential of medicinal plants and the prospects for their rational use.Special attention is given to the issues of ecological sustainability and the possibility of restoring medicinal flora without disrupting natural ecosystems. Conclusions emphasize the necessity of regulated harvesting of medicinal plants within the controlled recreation zone, which may contribute to maintaining natural balance and ensuring the sustainable use of the park’s natural resources.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED LANDFILLS ON SOIL COVER: ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Svitlana Domuschy — 2025-07-01

The article examines the environmental impact of unauthorized landfills on soil cover, identifying key pollutants and their effects on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil. Unauthorized landfills serve as sources of significant amounts of toxic substances, including heavy metals, organic compounds, mineral salts, and microplastics. It has been established that these pollutants alter the soil’s acid-base balance, disrupt its structure, reduce biological activity, and decrease fertility.To assess soil conditions, a comprehensive study was conducted, including pH analysis, humus content evaluation, ionic composition of the aqueous extract, and biotesting. Soil samples were collected from a control area, within the landfill site, and from an adjacent residential plot. The findings indicate that the pH level in the landfill-affected area is elevated, which may lead to reduced micronutrient availability and negatively affect plant growth. Biotesting using garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) revealed a significant decrease in seed germination rates and inhibited growth of both aerial and root parts in contaminated soils, indicating increased toxicity due to pollutant accumulation.A set of measures has been proposed to minimize the negative impact of unauthorized landfills. One key approach is the reclamation of degraded lands, involving mechanical site cleanup and the application of bioremediation and phytoremediation techniques to facilitate natural soil restoration. Systematic environmental monitoring of contaminated areas is essential for timely detection of changes in soil conditions and implementation of appropriate reclamation strategies. Additional measures to improve waste management practices have been suggested, including the introduction of effective waste disposal methods, separate waste collection, and recycling. Raising public environmental awareness is a crucial step toward reducing the number of illegal dumpsites and preserving soil cover. Given the ecological risks, stricter control over industrial and household waste-generating activities is necessary, along with the development of an efficient environmental management system at the community and regional levels.The preservation of soil fertility and ecological balance requires a comprehensive approach that integrates scientific research, practical measures for soil remediation and restoration, and improvements to the legislative framework for waste management.The study’s findings can be used to develop conservation programs and environmental strategies aimed at preventing land degradation and enhancing environmental conditions.

UNORGANISED WATER INTAKES OF SUMY TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY AS ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER DURING MILITARY OPERATIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Serhii Lutsenko — 2025-07-01

The paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the environmental status of unorganised water intakes of the Sumy territorial community and their potential as backup sources of drinking water supply during military operations. After the start of the full-scale aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine, critical infrastructure, including water supply facilities, suffered significant damage. Prolonged power outages of pumping equipment further complicated the situation, creating the threat of a complete cessation of centralised water supply. In such circumstances, there is a need to find alternative sources of water to meet the critical needs of the community. We analyse natural water sources, wells, individual boreholes, and their accessibility to the population.The hydrochemical composition of water, its level of contamination and compliance with sanitary standards are determined. It was found that the water from mine wells partially does not comply with Sanitary and Epidemiological Norms 2.2.4-171-10.The relevance of this study is due to the fact that water is one of the most valuable natural resources, playing a key role in life processes and maintaining ecological balance. Rapid growth of urbanisation, intensive industrial development, expansion of agricultural land and increased consumption of housing and household services by the population, especially under martial law, pose serious challenges for rational water use. At the same time, the level of water pollution is increasing, which makes it difficult to use water resources efficiently and provide the population with quality drinking water. The findings will allow us to develop recommendations for the safe use of unorganised water intakes, their integration into the emergency water supply system, and minimisation of environmental risks. This study will help improve the strategic management of community water resources, provide clean drinking water to its residents in crisis situations, and increase the overall level of environmental safety.

RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST RESOURCES OF KHUST DISTRICT OF TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION: SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION, CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR USE

Mykola Karabiniuk — 2025-07-01

The study covers the spatial differentiation of natural and historical and cultural sites, assessment of the state of tourism infrastructure and identification of the main problems of the industry development in Khust District of Transcarpathian Region. Particular attention is paid to the orographic, hydrological, balneological and other resources that form the basis of the recreational and tourist potential of the district. It has been established that the most promising objects for the development of recreational and tourist activities in Khust District are mountain ranges (Borzhava and Vyhorlat-Hutynskyi ridge), lakes and waterfalls, centers of thermal and mineral waters, as well as various historical and cultural monuments (Khust, Vyshkiv and Bronivskyi castles), modern entertainment and health care facilities. The methodology of our study is based on the use of geographic information technologies, which were used to develop a modern map of the main recreational and tourist facilities of the Khust District. The article also describes the main problems that hinder the development of the recreational and tourist industry in the district, in particular, the low level of infrastructure modernization, the unsatisfactory condition of transport routes, the insufficient use of protected areas for recreational purposes, and the lack of an integrated development strategy. The scientific novelty of the study lies in an integrated approach to assessing the recreational and tourist resources of the district, the first detailed mapping of the main recreational facilities, and the development of proposals for the expansion of the industry. The practical significance of the results of our study is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results to optimize the tourism policy of the district, develop new tourist products and attract investment in the field of recreation for Khust District.

ECOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL STATE OF THE KHRYNNYKIVSK RESERVOIR AND WAYS TO IMPROVE IT

Irуna Myskovets — 2025-07-01

As a result of the consistent use of water resources, significant changes occur in the hydroecosphere. The created reservoir changes river ecosystems, giving them the characteristics of lakes. Excessive regulation of the water flow due to the construction of HPP cascades causes significant ecological transformations. As a result, the hydrological regime of the water flow is disturbed, the integrity of the river is lost, environmental risks of the basin arise, water quality changes, etc. These issues are becoming increasingly acute and require scientific justification, and research is becoming highly relevant. The purpose of the study was to improve the quality of surface waters and reduce the impact of anthropogenic load on the Styr River basin, which will allow stabilizing the hydrological regime and its ecological state. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, hydrological analogy, mathematical statistics, cartography, GIS technologies and comparative assessment of landscape and ecological characteristics. The ecological situation of the Khrinnyky Reservoir ecosystem was studied, including a general analysis of its characteristics, erosion activity of the reservoir banks, environmental risks in the basin and hazards associated with hydrological parameters. It was established that over the past decades the reservoir has undergone significant ecological changes. The creation of the reservoir has disrupted the geomorphological balance and activated a number of geomorphological risks. Excessive regulation of water flow due to the construction of cascades of hydroelectric power plants has caused significant ecological changes in water quality. As a result, the hydrological regime of the flow is disrupted, the integrity of the Styr River is lost, and its division into separate ecosystems is formed. In the modern environment, water quality depends not on natural processes, but on human intervention in ecosystems. Pollution by wastewater from municipal and agricultural enterprises remains especially dangerous. In addition to water pollution, an urgent problem that needs to be solved is the modern land use structure in the reservoir basin, since excessive agricultural development has significantly reduced the area of natural lands. Based on the analysis of the environmental problems of the Khrinnyky Reservoir basin, it is necessary to establish water protection zones and protective strips along all banks of the reservoir and carry out engineering and biotechnical measures in these territories.

THEORETICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FOUNDATIONS AND FORECAST OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS IN THE FRONTLINE TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE

Viktoriia Patsiuk — 2025-07-01

The article analyses of theoretical and geographical basis the the prospects for developing tourist destinations in the frontline territories of Ukraine in the context of post-war recovery. The war has significantly changed the country's tourist map, destroying infrastructure, reducing tourist flows and forming a negative image of the regions. At the same time, even in difficult conditions, frontline areas can develop certain types of tourism that will contribute to economic growth and community integration. The study uses a comprehensive approach, including making and analysis of a sociological survey on the peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian frontline communities and tourism business in the context of war (Dnipro, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Sumy, Kharkiv), empirical research methods, comparative analysis of international experience and study of scientific sources. The main threats to tourism development in the frontline regions are identified, including mined areas, loss of cultural heritage, migration, economic instability and psychological factors related to military operations. Based on the results obtained, the potential for developing such tourist destinations as volunteer, solidarity, memorial, military, rural and dark tourism is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the need for strategic planning, creation of safe tourist routes, infrastructure development and attraction of international investment. The study's results can be useful for representatives of public administration, tourism businesses, local communities and academics dealing with regions recovering after military conflicts. Prospects for further research include developing models for sustainable tourism development in post-conflict areas, analysing the economic impact of tourist destinations, and using digital technologies to promote the tourism opportunities of Ukraine's frontline territories.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RECOVERY AFTER PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN YOUNG MALES OF DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES

Olena Dulo — 2025-03-31

The study focuses on analyzing the dynamics of changes in the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system during physical exercise in young males residing in the lowland areas of the Zakarpattia region, representing different morphological types. The research was conducted on 112 young males aged 17–21 years in the post-pubertal period of ontogenesis, residents of areas at altitudes of up to 400 meters above sea level in the Zakarpattia region. Observations, measurements, and analysis of adaptive changes in the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system were carried out during bicycle ergometry following two exercise loads of 1 W per 1 kg and 2 W per 1 kg, with a 5-minute interval, immediately after exercise, and three times post-exercise (at 1, 2, and 3 minutes). Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method via caliperometry. The relative fat and muscle components of body mass were assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis according to the criteria of McCarthy and D. Gallagher. The results demonstrated that after two workloads on the bicycle ergometer, which increased heart rate (HR) to 130–140 bpm, the recovery dynamics of HR exhibited a statistically significant decrease starting 30 seconds after the cessation of cyclic exercise. Following an exercise load of 2 W per 1 kg of body mass, which elevated HR to 180–190 bpm, the onset of a significant HR reduction was recorded after 120 seconds. Differences in arterial vascular responses to cyclic exercise were observed among young males from lowland areas of the Zakarpattia region, depending on their morphological type and body composition.During physical exertion at 90% VO₂ max, an increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) above baseline was observed only in endomesomorphic young males and those with a balanced somatotype. In contrast, young males with a low relative fat content and a very high relative skeletal muscle mass did not exhibit an increase in DBP above baseline. Thus, a relative predominance of the fat component and a relative decrease in the muscle component in the morphological profile of males induced a negative vascular response, leading to an increase in DBP above baseline.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AS THE BASIS OF STUDENTS’ HEALTH UNDER CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW: THEORETICAL DISCOURSE

Kateryna Koval — 2025-03-31

The article presents the results of the theoretical analysis of literary sources regarding the problem of psychophysiological foundations of applicants’ health of higher education in Ukraine under martial law. It is known that martial law provokes the development of negative changes in the mental and physical health of student youth. Modern scientific and methodological approaches to maintaining the health of students are mainly focused on the treatment and rehabilitation of already identified psychophysiological or nervous disorders, which significantly limits the possibility of their prevention or correction in the early stages of development. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to find out the state of study of the features of psychophysiological functions as the basis of the students’ health of higher education institutions (HEI) of Ukraine under martial law. We used the methods of analysis, systematization and generalization of modern domestic and foreign scientific literature. It was found that ideas about the mechanisms of psychophysiological support for the health of HEI students in the conditions of martial law require revision, clarification and changes, since they take into account only the mental side of the problem, losing sight of the physiological aspects of the nervous activity of the individual in conditions of prolonged stress. The need to introduce ways to increase the stress resistance of young people in extreme situations is emphasized.It is noted that the timely diagnosis of changes in the mechanisms of nervous regulation, the state of psychophysiological functions obtained with the help of objective physiological techniques and psychological testing can help to clarify the understanding of the health characteristics of student youth and optimize learning activities in extreme situations and chronic stress.

MODULATION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY PARAMETERS IN WOMEN OF OLDER AGE GROUPS

Valentyna Liashenko — 2025-03-31

The article presents the results of a study on the modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in middle-aged and older women. A total of 57 conditionally healthy women aged 44–80 years participated, divided according to the WHO classification into two groups: 44–60 years (n=21, mean age 47.62 ± 2.13 years) and 61–80 years (n=36, mean age 66.13 ± 5.02 years). Twenty-four-hour ambulatory Holter ECG monitoring was conducted at the "MED-SOYUZ" Medical Center LLC (Sumy, Ukraine) using the "CardioSens CS" system (KhAI-MEDIKA LLC, Kharkiv, Ukraine). Temporal HRV parameters, such as the mean RR interval (mRR: 858.50 (750.37; 957.79) ms in the middle-aged group during daytime vs. 813.05 (683.36; 893.81) ms in the elderly group), SDNNi (80.28 (76.17; 145.18) ms vs. 61.07 (47.31; 104.56) ms), and RMSSD (118.79 (84.85; 195.87) ms vs. 117.13 (63.59; 127.94) ms), as well as spectral parameters (LF, HF, LF/HF, and Amo%), were analyzed. Data were processed by dividing into daytime (08:00–22:00) and nighttime (22:00– 08:00) periods. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality (non-normal distribution, p < 0.05) and the Mann- Whitney U-test for group comparisons (p < 0.05). Results revealed a significant reduction in LF (1453.59 (266.57; 3427.03) ms² vs. 748.24 (589.76; 2381.27) ms², p < 0.05) and HF (1291.27 (565.96; 5034.61) ms² vs. 1452.58 (895.42; 2944.44) ms², p < 0.05) in the elderly group, indicating a decrease in overall variability and parasympathetic activity with age. Conversely, Amo% significantly increased (38.57 (35.90; 41.84)% vs. 68.46 (66.42; 70.59)%, p < 0.001), suggesting enhanced autonomic regulation, likely due to postmenopausal estrogen deficiency affecting autonomic balance. The LF/HF ratio remained stable (0.70 (0.51; 0.90) vs. 0.70 (0.60; 0.80), p > 0.05), demonstrating preserved sympatho-parasympathetic balance for the daytime period, and no significant differences were found for the nighttime period after removing outliers (0.49 (0.21; 0.57) vs. 0.57 (0.23; 0.80), p > 0.05). Nighttime changes showed an increase in HF (6363.06 (3908.87; 11896.74) ms² vs. 887.14 (425.23; 5580.90) ms²) and a decrease in LF/HF (0.49 (0.21; 0.57) vs. 0.57 (0.23; 0.80), p < 0.05), although lower HF values in older women highlight diminished parasympathetic reserves.The findings underscore the significant impact of aging and hormonal changes on HRV, as well as the potential role of Amo% as a marker of cardiovascular risk, necessitating further research to develop preventive strategies for older women.

ALLELOPATHIC PROPERTIES OF THE BOXELDER MAPLE

Mykola Moskalenko — 2025-03-31

The article addresses the issue of chemical interactions between plants in natural phytocenoses. The subject of the work is the allelopathic effect of invasive species on the growth and development of other plants. For the specific experimental study, the boxelder maple (Acer negundo), a prominent representative of the group of adventive species, was chosen. The aim of the article was to determine the allelopathic properties of the aboveground vegetative organs of the boxelder maple, which could somewhat clarify the mechanisms of its rapid colonization of natural phytocenoses in Ukraine. The main research method was bioassays. Wheat was chosen as the test culture, a classic object. It was established that treatment with extracts from the vegetative organs of the boxelder maple caused a decrease in seed germination percentage of the test culture 72 hours after treatment. The leaf extract resulted in an 8-fold reduction in seed germination percentage compared to the control. It was recorded that the total size of the test culture seedlings after treatment with the boxelder maple bud extract was 1.6 times smaller than the control, and after treatment with the leaf extract, it was 4 times smaller. A negative allelopathic effect of substances from the experimental extracts of the boxelder maple vegetative organs on the growth and development of both the whole seedling of the test culture and its roots and shoots was identified. The seedling’s shoot was found to be more sensitive to the negative allelopathic effect of the boxelder maple than the root. Changes in the allelopathic activity of the boxelder maple leaves throughout the growing season were observed: a significant decrease in its activity was noted in the experimental samples from May to September. The results obtained provide grounds to state that one of the mechanisms ensuring the aggressive spread of the boxelder maple in natural and altered phytocenoses could be its high negative allelopathic activity toward other species. The article outlines directions for further research on the chemical interaction between adventive and indigenous plant species.

MODULATION OF SLEEP DISORDERS AND INDICATORS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN IN THE CONDITIONS OF MILITARY ACTIONS IN UKRAINE

Serhii Stetsenko — 2025-03-31

The article examines the effects of sleep disorders on heart rate variability (HRV) in middle-aged women amid wartime conditions in Ukraine. War-related stress increases anxiety levels, leading to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and changes in sleep architecture. The main symptoms of sleep disorders include difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, and fragmented sleep. HRV imbalance reflects the strain on the body’s adaptive mechanisms and is a sensitive marker of adverse changes.A frequency-time analysis of HRV was conducted to identify the specific manifestations of sleep disorders induced by stress.The findings reveal that a significant portion (68.5%) of middle-aged women experience sleep disturbances, including reduced sleep duration (63% sleep ≤6 hours, 33.7% sleep <5 hours), frequent nighttime awakenings (76.1% report nighttime awakenings, of whom 43.5% experience them ≥3 times per week), prolonged sleep latency (47.8% take over 30 minutes to fall asleep, 25% take more than 60 minutes), daytime dysfunction (71.7% report moderate daytime sleepiness, 19.6% report high levels), and pronounced morning fatigue (57.6% rate their sleep efficiency below 85%), indicating insufficient sleep quality and restoration.Despite these sleep problems, most participants (77 women; 83.7%) do not use sleeping pills. Only 9 respondents (9.8%) reported taking sleep medications 2-3 times per week. The vast majority (91.3%) experience increased daytime sleepiness of varying severity.Severe sleep disturbances can have systemic effects on the body, highlighting the need for further diagnostics and interventions. Women with sleep disorders exhibit significant activation of the sympathetic nervous system and suppression of parasympathetic regulation (reduced SDNN and RMSSD compared to normal values, increased AMo and LF/HF index).The results indicate a decline in the body’s adaptive capacity due to sympathetic nervous system activation, which intensifies under high-stress conditions. These findings may be useful for developing preventive and therapeutic programs.

SEASONAL RHYTHM OF DEVELOPMENT AND FEATURES OF REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF CALLA PALUSTRIS L. PLANTS IN INTRODUCTION CONDITIONS

Ihor Chikov — 2025-07-01

This article presents the results of phenological observations of C. palustris ex situ in the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The dates of onset, duration and end of phenological phases were determined.The dependence of the onset of the phenological phases of the studied plants on the sum of effective temperatures was established.The vegetative phase occurs in the second or third decade of April, with a wide range of effective temperatures over the years of research: from 78.2°C to 145.5°C. The budding phase began at the sum of effective temperatures from 192.7°C (2022) to 231.8°C (2023).The budding was observed in the I-II decade of May; the duration of phase duration was 4-11 days. The beginning of the flowering phase was recorded at a wide temperature range of the sum of effective temperatures from 229.7°C to 457.8°C. Plants bloomed from the second decade of May to the first decade of June. The dynamics of the duration of this phase varied from 8 days (2020) to 14 days (2022).The seed ripening phase occurred in the third decade of July (2020) to the first decade of September (2023). The duration did not change significantly: 18 days (2023), 19 days (2020-–2022), and 24 days (2021). However, it should be noted that the ripening duration shifts towards September every year. Senescencephase began in the second to third decade of September, with the sum of effective temperatures of 2045.8°C – 2139.9°C, and ended in the second decade of October (2147.8°C – 2411.6°C). In general, this phase lasts from 29 to 33 days.Over the years of research, the vegetation period of C. palustris plants ex situ National Dendrological Park” ‘Sofiyivka’” lasted 169–-180 days. Under culture conditions, plants go through a complete cycle of seasonal development.The overall seeding rate fluctuates slightly over the years, generally 70–80%. According to our observations, this indicator indicates the need for stratification, and irregular seed renewal in culture requires further study of the later stages of the reproductive cycle.The reproductive capacity of the studied species is characterized by average indicators, which makes it possible to artificially propagate characterized by average indicators, which makes it possible to propagate artificially by seeds.