Sloboda Scientific Journal. Psychology

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS

Susanna Asatrian — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the study of the development of emotional intelligence (EI) in future psychologists as an important factor in their professional competence. It is determined that the modern system of training specialists in the field of psychology is mainly focused on the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and professional skills, but insufficient attention is paid to the formation of emotional competence. Insufficient development of emotional intelligence can lead to difficulties in working with clients, a decrease in the quality of psychological counseling and an increase in the risk of professional burnout.The basic concepts of emotional intelligence and its importance for the professional activity of a psychologist are considered. It is emphasized that EI is an important factor that ensures the development of such key skills as emotional self-regulation, empathy, stress resistance, effective interpersonal interaction and informed decision-making in professional activities. A high level of EI correlates with students’ academic performance, their ability to self-reflect and effectively adapt to future work.The article substantiates the need to integrate a special training course on the development of emotional intelligence into the system of professional training of psychologists. It is proved that traditional teaching methods do not always contribute to the formation of emotional competence, so it is advisable to introduce a comprehensive educational program that combines academic training with practical training programs, group discussions and emotionally oriented teaching methods.The proposed model for the development of EI in future psychologists includes four key stages: cognitive-analytical (formation of basic knowledge about emotional intelligence), reflective (awareness of one’s own emotions and their impact on behavior), practical- interactive (mastering techniques for developing emotional intelligence) and professionally oriented (application of skills in real-life psychological practice). This approach allows students not only to gain the necessary knowledge but also to use it effectively in their future professional activities.The results of the study can be used to develop specialized curricula in higher education institutions, improve methods of professional training of psychologists, as well as to create psychological and pedagogical measures aimed at developing students’ emotional competence.

TRANSFORMATION OF A VALUABLE COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF ADULTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

Iryna Bulakh , Ievgeniia Rezvykh — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of a theoretical study of psychological sources on the problem of values of professional activity of adults. The theoretical provisions of values and value orientations of adults as determinants of their professional activity in the works of foreign and domestic psychologists are revealed. It is determined that values determine the choice and implementation of professional activities by an adult personality, regulate behavior in social and professional environments, and affect the effectiveness of professional tasks. It is proved that the process of values formation takes place in different conditions of human socialization and is dynamic. It is emphasized that the presence of formed professional value orientations is an important condition for both professional self-determination and personal and career growth. The terminal and instrumental values of adults in the pre-war period and in wartime are empirically studied. It has been determined that the hierarchy of values in the pre-war period and during the war has differences among the adult respondents. In the pre-war period, the terminal values of the respondents were dominated by: active life, life wisdom, health, interesting work, materially secure life, and love. During the war: health, entertainment, productive life, creativity, active life, and self-confidence.Important instrumental values in the prewar period for adults were independence, responsibility, rationalism, efficiency in business, cheerfulness, and education. During the war, the following values emerged: intransigence to shortcomings in oneself and others, courage in defending one's opinions and views, cheerfulness, education, and sensitivity. It is stated that the value component of professional activity is transformed in the crisis conditions of an adult's life.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF THE COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF PROACTIVITY IN FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF TECHNICAL AND HUMANITARIAN PROFILES

Andrii Volianiuk — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the features of the manifestation of the cognitive component of proactivity in future specialists of technical and humanitarian profiles. To identify significant differences in quantitative indicators (mean values) on the scales of the cognitive component of proactivity the nonparametric method of differences for independent samples Mann-Whitney was used. To test statistical hypotheses regarding the relationship between two categorical variables, Pearson's xi-square test was used.The categorical variables were the type of specialty (humanitarian or technical) and the level of development of proactivity indicators.Comparison of average values for the indicators of the cognitive component of proactivity in the studied subjects differentiated by specialty allowed us to identify trending differences in the level of expression only on the scale of «autonomy in decision-making».Comparative analysis of the percentage distribution of data showed statistically significant differences in the levels of development of such descriptors of the cognitive component of proactivity as «awareness of actions», «predicting the consequences of behavior», «autonomy in decision-making», «personal and situational anticipation», «spatial anticipation» and «temporal anticipation». In the group of future technical specialists, there is a greater variability in levels of awareness (there is also a low level), while in the group of future humanitarian specialists, less variability is recorded (almost all students have a high level). Despite the statistical differences revealed by the xi-square test (χ² = 11.655; p = 0.003) on the scale of «predicting the consequences of behavior» among students of technical and humanitarian specialties, a certain tendency towards similarity of the percentage distribution was recorded. The vast majority of the subjects of both groups assessed their level of predicting the consequences of behavior as high, a third – as average, and a critically small number – as low. The calculated linear-linear relationship (∝=20.669; p = 0.000) proves the presence of a strong relationship between the level of autonomy in decision-making and the type of specialty, which indicates a tendency towards greater autonomy among future specialists in the humanitarian field compared to future specialists in the technical field. It was found that in both samples the majority of the subjects studied had an average level of anticipation, although this indicator was somewhat higher in the humanitarian field. The analysis of the results of the study of reflexivity did not confirm significant differences in the manifestation of one or another type of reflection in the subjects studied.

ATTRIBUTIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS AS FACTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE

Inesa Hulias — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the attributive personality traits of students of practical psychologists as factors of psychological resilience. A review of scientific works was carried out, which highlighted the key aspects of the researched issue. The following methods were used: theoretical – analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the problem under consideration; empirical – questionnaires to collect data on the personal characteristics of education seekers, their psychological reactions and stress resistance factors; for quantitative analysis – mathematical. An author's questionnaire was developed. It was found that the respondents generally have basic qualities for successful work (flexibility, reflexivity, result orientation, etc.), however, the level of their self-confidence and optimism varies; some respondents need to develop skills in overcoming difficulties, motivational self- regulation, internal stability and self-support; future psychologists do not always use professional help; some respondents find it difficult to answer questions about their own experience of overcoming difficulties; In general, the level of psychological resilience is high, but almost a third of respondents are at an average level. In this regard, practical recommendations are proposed: increase the confidence and optimism of respondents through training, coaching, master classes; implement programs to overcome adaptation barriers, strategies for adaptive behavior and stress management; develop training on self-regulation techniques, goal setting and crisis management; organize seminars to develop internal resources and overcome challenges; form a culture of using supervision and consultations for professional growth; include reflective practices and introspective techniques for awareness of one's own resources; integrate stress management and emotional regulation techniques.

ON THE ISSUE OF THE MAIN MOTIVATING FACTORS OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR IN ADOLESCENCE

Nataliia Hurtovenko — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The analysis of primary sources helped us to understand the origins of the motivating force of certain actions, to comprehend the process of emergence and formation of behavioural motives. Of particular interest to us is the study of general patterns of emergence and formation of motives for deviant behaviour in adolescence. Specific features, deformations and deviations in the motivational sphere of the offender’s personality are a set of basic internal conditions that have a decisive influence on the formation of criminal motivation, its specific social (antisocial) content. The formation of motives for deviant behaviour is mainly influenced by an imbalance between different types of needs, the actualisation of secondary needs and a distorted perception or underestimation of a particular life situation by an individual. The scientific, theoretical and methodological analysis of the essence of psychological mechanisms for the correction of deviant behaviour allows us to consider the social and pedagogical conditions that make it possible to build effective practical pedagogical activities to solve the problems of correction of deviant behaviour using psychological mechanisms that are interrelated and interdependent. The main criterion for the effectiveness of correctional activities is to maintain the system of education, into which correctional activities have been integrated, in an optimal state, which makes it possible to successfully solve the problem of forming socially significant positive personality traits in students. Based on the theoretical analysis of the experience of existing pedagogical systems and our own experience, we can identify the main components that have a stimulating effect on the effective organisation and operation of the educational and correctional system. When developing new innovative psychological and pedagogical conditions, the methods of education themselves, while remaining fundamentally unchanged, can have a higher result, i.e. increase efficiency.

FEATURES OF SELF-IDENTITY MANIFESTATIONS IN YOUTH AGE

Nataliia Yermakova — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the components, factors, measurement indicators and levels of self-identity as a psychological phenomenon, which consists in the awareness of oneself as a unique person with stable characteristics. This psychological phenomenon directs life paths and decisions, allows people to realize the differences between themselves and certain social groups, explains behavioral features, including negative forms of social behavior towards representatives of other cultures and national groups. The results of the theoretical and empirical analysis of the problem are presented.Diagnostic methods were standardized techniques: "Determining the psychological and social age of an individual" by S. Stepanova, "Satisfaction with Life" questionnaire N. Melnikova, test of life orientations (J. Crambo, L. Maholik, adaptation of D. Leontiev), questionnaire of life crisis by K. Karpinsky In the course of the empirical study, it was found that only some of the female students and male students studied perceive and relate to their age in accordance with its chronological indicators. Most of the girls feel younger and most of the male students feel older.The level of life satisfaction is higher in girls, the indicator is within the average level for most people of both sexes. Among female students, the average indicators on the “life involvement” scale are higher. These values show that they feel the saturation and fullness of life, they have high activity and desire to do something, they feel satisfaction and joy from life. In male students, this indicator is somewhat lower.The trends identified during the study indicate the importance of conducting timely corrective work with students in order to optimize their self-identity. The development of effective psychocorrectional strategies is a promising direction of work in this direction.

ANALYSIS OF MODERN TENDENCIES OF SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE INTERNET

Oleksandr Zinchenko, Valentyna Deputat — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic vectors of socio-psychological research of the Internet and their theoretical substantiation. It has been determined the theoretical and practical relevance of the declared issues. Special attention has been focused on the need to modernize the socio-psychological research of the Internet in accordance with modern scientific and social realities. It has been established that there is a need to study the psychological characteristics of online communities. It has been substantiated the relevance of creating a theoretical model of the functioning of social groups in the Internet space, which would take into account the motives, goals, peculiarities of the participants' activities, the establishment of group contacts, division into microgroups, the level of cohesion and efficiency of teamwork. The importance of studying intergroup processes in the online environment based on modern socio-psychological theories has been highlighted. The importance of researching intergroup contacts of network groups in politics, education, and professional fields has been described. It has been established that it is expedient to study the formation and manifestations of personal identity in the online space. The relevance of an empirical study of the formation of personal identity on various Internet resources - professional, dating sites, interest groups - has been determined. It has been recorded the need to study the specifics of social perception in the Internet space in accordance with modern social realities. It has been analyzed the expediency of implementing the strategy of social and psychological research of leadership in various social centers of the Internet. It has been emphasized the importance of empirical study of aggression, conflicts, and the spread of hatred in the online environment. The practical aspects of the theoretical analysis have been characterized. Conclusions have been drawn and prospects for further research have been determined.

GENDER COMPETENCE AS A FACTOR OF POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF SCHOOL TEACHERS

Zinoviia Karpenko, Elyzaveta-Milena Dyshel — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which has been going on for the eleventh year, the gender competence of the individual is one of the conditions for building a democratic society based on law and a guarantee of the irreversibility of its Euro-Atlantic civilizational choice. School teachers, as key agents of the socialization of the younger generation, have the most significant influence on their worldview and civic position. Therefore, the choice and defense of the development trajectory of our state depends on the political and ideological self-determination of the teachers themselves, one of the factors of which is their gender competence. The purpose of this applied research is to empirically study the gender competence of school teachers as a factor in their political and ideological self-determination.As a result of the research, it was found that school teachers have a high level of gender competence and mature political and ideological self-determination, which is characterized by a conscious commitment to certain political views and relevant ideological guidelines. A connection has been recorded between gender competence, the marker of which is the low expression of gender stereotypes, and the political-ideological self-determination of school teachers. At the same time, femininity is negatively related to political-ideological self-determination and its mechanism, such as positional competition. Three factors of political-ideological self- determination of school teachers have been identified, a component of which is gender competence: passionate – with a predominance of masculinity, conservative – insensitive to gender self-identification, and egalitarian political-ideological self-determination with a pronounced androgynous gender identity, ideas of social equality and justice.

CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS OF SERVICEMEN FOR OFFENSIVE ACTIONS

Andriy Kyrychenko, Vasyl Stasyuk, Volodymyr Dykun — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In the modern conditions of the struggle for the independence of Ukraine, the psychological readiness of military personnel for offensive actions acquires special importance. This is due not only to the complexity of the tasks facing the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but also to the high cost of success in military operations aimed at restoring the territorial integrity of the state. The effectiveness of offensive actions largely depends on the harmonious combination of several factors: professional training, the availability of modern weapons, effective planning, as well as the psychological readiness of personnel. It determines the ability of military personnel to effectively perform combat tasks in conditions of high intensity of offensive operations, uncertainty, suddenness, physical and psychological stress, as well as informational influence of the enemy. The state of psychological readiness allows one to demonstrate a high level of stress resistance, motivation, cohesion and self-confidence, because these aspects play a key role in achieving strategic and tactical goals.The article examines the content and structure of the psychological readiness of military personnel for offensive actions. It was determined that the structure of such readiness consists of three main components: motivational, military professional (cognitive) and emotional-volitional. Each of these components has its own components and indicators, which are critical for achieving high combat capability of military units (units). In particular, psychological readiness covers stress resistance, motivation, the ability to adapt in combat conditions, confidence in the team of fellow combatants and the presence of clear moral guidelines. In addition, the analysis identified two main categories of readiness: short-term and long-term, each of which has its own specific indicators and requires appropriate formative approaches to achieve and maintain them.

PROBLEMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Oleksandr Kobets — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article discusses the problems that families of children with autism constantly face and suggests ways to overcome them.The author examines the connection between the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and the peculiarities of parents' grief stages.The current problems faced by parents of children with autism include: a complete lack of information in society about autism spectrum disorders and their manifestations, the development and behaviour of children with autism at home and in the community; and the lack of specialised public education institutions for children with autism spectrum disorders; a shortage of medical and correctional specialists; negative and harsh remarks by close relatives, especially those around them who do not have information, about the behaviour of a child with autism; parents' lack of information about the child's developmental characteristics and real capabilities, which leads to constant fear and prolonged stress; lack of psychological assistance to parents of children with autism spectrum disorders in inclusive resource and correctional and developmental centres; parents' need for rest due to the lack of assistance in caring for a child with autism; fear for the child's future; financial difficulties of the family related to the treatment, nutrition, correction and development of a child with autism spectrum disorder.Analysing foreign and domestic research, the author finds that until recently, insufficient attention was paid to psychological support for parents, and assistance was provided only in relation to the child's educational and learning process; the connection between the psychological health of parents and the quality of the child's upbringing was hardly paid attention to; it is noted that not only mothers suffer from the child's illness, but also fathers experience family and social isolation. The author substantiates the need to provide psychological assistance to parents of children with autism spectrum disorders both in the inclusive education system and outside it.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ADOLESCENTS' ADAPTATION AND DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN WAR CONDITIONS

Svitlana Kuzikova, Svitlana Lukomska — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The study of the behavior of adolescents in extreme situations of war, the features of their adaptation and maladaptation in conditions of chronic stress and constant threat to life are important tasks of modern domestic science and practice. The meaning of deviant behavior lies in actions or behavior that contradict social norms or expectations. Social norms are unwritten rules that society or culture considers acceptable. Any behavior that violates social norms or formal laws is considered deviant. We argue that in conditions of war, adolescents experience both primary and secondary traumatization, which, in turn, affect the behavior of adolescents, often deviant and extreme. The results of the empirical study revealed that the adaptation indicators of girls and boys generally correspond to relatively successful adaptation, that is, all adolescents in the vast majority need psychological counseling for specific requests.Adolescents noted that they are concerned about eating disorders, in particular during and after shelling and non-suicidal self-harm as a way to attract attention to themselves and reduce the level of anxiety caused by chronic extremism. It has been established that during war, the abnormal is normalized, we can say that we are forced to adapt to the conditions of chronic extremism, which is difficult to do in the absence of previously formed patterns of behavior, so deviance, especially in the behavior of adolescents, may be a stage of adaptation to the conditions of toxic chronic stress caused by war. It has been found that currently there is a high risk not of helping adolescents with the so-called deviant behavior, but of stigmatizing them, not of increasing trust, but of strengthening totalitarian control.Under such conditions, the study of effective methods of providing psychological assistance to adolescents during war becomes relevant.

MEANS OF DEVELOPING EMOTIONAL ІNTELLIGENCE IN MIDDLE SCHOOL-AGED GIRLS DURING FOOTBALL TRAINING

Liudmyla Lysenko, Alla Lyshafai — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of experimental research on the level of emotional intelligence among middle school-aged female football players. A low level of overall emotional intelligence was identified among the players. It was found that most girls experience difficulties in managing and expressing their emotions, as well as a weak ability to recognize and understand the emotions of other players.A system of tools and methods for developing emotional intelligence in girls during football training was determined and substantiated.These methods aim to: develop emotional awareness (e.g., the "feelings dictionary" exercise, metaphorical communication, and the use of reflective technologies); enhance the ability to regulate one’s emotions (training in various self-regulation techniques according to emotional states); and improve the ability to recognize the emotions of others and develop empathy (creating a positive emotional team environment, group work during training, analyzing game situations with both positive and negative emotional behaviors, and fostering the ability to understand and differentiate emotional states).The results of a formative experiment on the effectiveness of implementing the proposed system in the training process of female football players are presented. The overall emotional intelligence of the players improved by 14,6% (p<0,05), and the number of athletes with a low level of emotional intelligence decreased by 33,4%. The data on the positive dynamics of changes in the components of emotional intelligence were obtained, with the largest changes occurring in the indicator of “emotional awareness” by 20,5%, “recognizing the emotions of others” – 15,3%, and “managing one’s emotions” – 13,8%. However, the general level of emotional intelligence remained low, approaching an average level, which indicates the need for long-term implementation of training methods, taking into account the personal characteristics of female football players.

EXTREMITY AS A COMPONENT OF THE MILITARY IDENTITY OF TEENAGERS IN WAR CONDITIONS

Svitlana Lukomska — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

War leads to constant tension, emotional changes, massive human suffering, and a decrease in the level of psychological well-being.In addition, for more than two years now, the key information in the information field has been data on the consequences of the war, which shock every Ukrainian. It has been proven that war is a way of forming a consolidated Ukrainian identity, and not a competition between different identities, so it is worth preventing violent processes of identity construction and focusing on the formation of a temporarily consolidating military social identity, which will become an important factor in the survival of the nation in turbulent times of war, especially for today's teenagers who have had to live at the turn of the eras, be participants in a terrible, bloody war, a pandemic, and a struggle for survival. When studying the effects of polyvictimization or cumulative trauma (i.e., multiple instances of trauma), a strong link has been shown between the number of traumatic experiences in childhood and the likelihood of developing post-traumatic stress disorder or other negative mental health outcomes in adolescence. PTSD, toxic stress, and chronic life adversities that affect people during wartime often, and especially in adolescence, lead to so-called extreme behaviors. Problem behavior is often an extreme form of normal or typical behavior, however, in war conditions, under the influence of chronic, often toxic stress, non-violent trauma and post- traumatic stress disorder caused by the cumulative effect of various traumatic factors, it causes more severe, long-term consequences, such as extreme behavior, non-suicidal self-harm, aggression and self-aggression, while the harm from problem behavior can be caused by the teenager both to others and to himself. We note a moderately pronounced level of post-traumatic stress disorder and a low level of resilience of younger and older adolescents, probably due to little life experience, the need to survive in extreme conditions - the COVID-19 pandemic and the current Russian-Ukrainian war.

GROUP ART THERAPY IN OVERCOMING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS: SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE

Inna Mazokha — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article considers group art therapy as an effective method of psychocorrection of aggressive behavior of adolescents, based on the use of non-verbal self-expression to transform destructive emotions. The main mechanisms of the influence of art therapy on emotional regulation, reducing the level of aggression, developing social skills and adapting the individual to interpersonal relationships are determined. The key stages of the therapeutic process are analyzed, in particular, the formation of a safe space, stimulating emotional expression, reflective understanding of one's own experiences and integrating new experience into everyday behavior. Special attention is paid to the role of group dynamics in the therapeutic process, which contributes to the formation of trust, the development of empathy, reducing the level of social tension and awareness of one's own emotional state. Group art therapy allows adolescents not only to express aggressive impulses through creativity, but also to rethink their destructive reactions, replacing them with constructive interaction strategies. The use of such methods as drawing, collage and theater helps to process internal conflicts, reduce anxiety and tension, and develop alternative ways of communication. Artistic and creative activity in the structure of therapy contributes to a deeper awareness of one's own emotional states, which allows for the formation of more adaptive ways of responding and the development of self-regulation skills. The features of the socio-psychological impact of group art therapy on individuals with aggressive behavioral tendencies are studied, in particular its ability to model socially acceptable behavioral patterns and create a positive experience of cooperation. The importance of metaphorical images and symbolic forms of expression for rethinking conflict situations and the formation of alternative response strategies is emphasized.

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AS A TYPE OF DYSONTOGENESIS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SPECIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Veronika Melnyk — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article discusses the concept of autism spectrum disorders through the approach of special psychology, that is a branch of psychological science that has close interdisciplinary links with areas such as general psychology, developmental psychology, pedagogical psychology, psychophysiology, and even neuropsychology. The article highlights that the work of special psychologists involves collaboration with other pedagogical and medical professionals in assisting individuals with various developmental disorders, including those with autism.The paper presents the structure of the most prominent scientists of modern domestic scientific theory and practice, which is based on the basis of special psychology in several areas of diagnostic and correctional and developmental activities. Special psychologists should study the means of sensory integration, the creation of a sensorimotor profile of persons with autism; know about methods of activating speech through verbal and alternative forms of communication.The article elaborates on the content of autism spectrum disorders as a variant of dysontogenesis, characterized by an imbalance in mental processes, difficulties in cognitive activities, social interaction, and communication in various situational contexts.The most significant feature identified is the presence of a limited number of repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and action sequences. Therefore, the negative consequence of such behavioral manifestations in individuals with ASD is the difficulty they face in the educational process, which hinders their full adaptation to a peer group. Psychological support involves collaboration between special psychologists and other professionals in preschool and general education institutions to understand the mental state of children with autism, their cognitive abilities, the possibility of initiating written speech, and organizing their learning activities. The decisive role lies in the coherence of differential diagnostics and psychological support in assisting individuals with autism throughout their lives.

STIGMATIZATION OF MILITARY: CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES IN SOCIAL- PSYCHOLOGICAL READAPTATION TO CIVILIAN LIFE

Nadiya Myakushko, Vitalii Zaika, Artem Chernov — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

War as a social upheaval causes profound changes in the structure of society, in particular, the formation of new social groups that have special needs and require specialized social services. Military personnel, although not a new category in the context of social services, have become significantly more numerous since the beginning of Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The number of demobilized and people returning from the war is growing every day, which creates new challenges for the system of providing social services. In addition, one of the main problems is the stigmatization of the military, which affects the effectiveness of the provision of these services. Initially, at the very beginning of the war, military personnel were perceived in society as heroes fighting for the independence and security of the country. However, over time, the positive perception changes to a negative one, which, in particular, is manifested in social stereotypes that contribute to their stigmatization. Stigma of the military may be associated with numerous factors, including psychological differences between those who have experienced combat and those who have remained at home. This situation leads to the fact that some military personnel may be perceived by society as "others", which has certain negative consequences for their reintegration into society after returning from the front. This, in turn, complicates the provision of necessary social services to them, since stigmatization can affect access to medical, psychological and social services, and also creates obstacles to social adaptation. In order to study the causes and consequences of stigmatization of the military in society, as well as its impact on the provision of social services, we conducted a theoretical analysis of foreign and domestic studies. It was found that stigmatization of the military is a global phenomenon that manifests itself in many countries, where the public distinguishes combatants from those who have not experienced them. One of the main aspects of this phenomenon is alienation, which arises due to the difference in the experience of war and peaceful life, which forms new social barriers. It is also important to understand how such social stereotypes can affect the processes of rehabilitation and readaptation of military personnel to civilian life, as well as their reintegration into social and economic processes.Thus, the analysis of the stigmatization of the military helps to identify the main barriers to the effective provision of social services and outline ways to overcome them. The results of the study indicate the importance of changes in the public perception of the military and the need to create support programs that will contribute to their rehabilitation and adaptation to civilian life, in particular through a change in attitudes towards them at the social level.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE WORK WITH TRAUMA IN THE METHOD OF ART THERAPY

Kateryna Pasko — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article discusses the causes and manifestations of trauma, as well as the methods of art therapy that can be used by an art therapist in the course of working with a client's traumatic experience. Thus, from a psychological point of view, trauma is the result of an insurmountable threat to the individual, which triggers the ‘fight/flight/freeze’ stress response. If a person is overwhelmed by a threat, they may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in which their body gets stuck in a stress response and continues to behave as if it were fighting an enemy.Trauma can be caused by neglect and violence - emotional, physical or sexual. Observing domestic violence or traumatic events such as accidents, trauma or war are also known causes. Evidence suggests that people with adverse childhood experiences are more likely to experience PTSD than those who had secure attachment to caregivers as children. Symptoms of trauma include re-experiencing events in flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of situations that may trigger traumatic memories, depression, anxiety, disconnection (dissociation) and low self-esteem.The injury can manifest itself in the form of sleep disturbances, panic attacks, nervousness, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, intense emotions or withdrawal. Some people express their grief through physical ailments or pain (somatisation). Traumatised people may demonstrate an inability to regulate their emotions, becoming angry or upset very quickly. When a person experiences a traumatic event, the part of the brain responsible for language (Broca's area) shuts down. At the same time, the danger recognition centre in the brain (the amygdala) is on high alert and registers the traumatic memory visually and in the form of bodily sensations [6]. Using art to express emotions opens up access to visual and bodily memory. Not only does it allow people to create images, but through artistic materials such as paints and clay, it reconnects them with their physical senses. They can lose touch with their bodily sensations, especially in situations of sexual and physical violence. Some researchers have suggested that the senses of touch and sight are directly linked to the fear centre in our brains [5], making art therapy ideal for working with traumatic memory.The therapeutic relationship helps trauma victims feel safe and rooted in the present moment. This is necessary before any traumatic memory is accessed, so that they feel safe in the knowledge that the trauma has passed and that they are in the ‘here and now’ in the therapy room. This can prevent them from feeling overwhelmed while processing the traumatic memory.The traumatic memory is stored visually and that is why the connecting to it through art can be more direct. It allows the trauma survivor to choose what they create, and they release aspects of the trauma, which prevents them from being overwhelmed. For children, it can be a useful tool, as adults may have told them not to ‘talk’ about negative experiences such as abuse or neglect. Art allows for non- verbal storytelling, which helps them feel more safe and more likely to share their experiences. They may also not have the vocabulary, so an image helps them about their feeling.

FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT OF HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHERS: CHALLENGES OF THE PRESENT

Olha Pimenova, Nadiia Savchuk — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is aimed at studying the phenomenon of emotional burnout among university lecturers and its connection to the specifics of their professional activity. The research provided data on the level of emotional burnout, its structural components, and the factors contributing to the development of this phenomenon. It was established that emotional burnout is a complex psychological phenomenon characterized by the gradual depletion of emotional and physical resources, a decrease in motivation to work, and the development of negative attitudes towards oneself and others.To assess the level of emotional burnout and related psychological states in university lecturers, the following methodologies were used: "Self-Assessment of Burnout Potential" (J. Gibson), the "Professional Burnout Syndrome" diagnostic method (J. Greenberg), the "Emotional Response Scale" (A. Mehrabian), and the "Psychological State Self-Assessment" method (H. Eysenck). The applied methodologies confirmed that emotional burnout is a widespread issue that negatively affects the professional effectiveness and overall well-being of lecturers.The results of the study suggest that high levels of workload, insufficient social support, and limited opportunities for professional growth contribute to an increase in emotional burnout among lecturers. The findings also indicate the need for implementing psychological support measures and optimizing working conditions in higher education institutions. Primarily, this involves the development of stress- coping strategies that would help maintain emotional balance, reduce professional exhaustion, and foster constructive ways of interaction within the work environment.

HEALTH INDICATORS AS FACTORS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF HIGHTER EDUCATION STUDENTS

Yevhen Potapchuk, Nataliia Potapchuk — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The research revealed significant differences in health indicators in the groups of ‘subjectively well-off’ and ‘subjectively disadvantaged’ higher education students. Subjectively well-off applicants are distinguished by lower levels of anxiety and depression, higher self-assessment of physical and mental health; higher resilience, including such indicators as engagement, control and risk taking; a more pronounced purpose in life and its orientation, including prosocial; greater acceptance of the situation, more optimistic assessment of it, greater activity in the situation and its assessment as easier, greater externalisation in assessing the situation.According to different life situations, levels of physical, mental, personal and social health are distinguished. Applicants with a high level of subjective well-being assess all levels of health significantly higher than those with a low level. The hypothesis that different levels of health characteristics have different contributions to the subjective well-being of applicants was confirmed: in order of decreasing influence, resilience and purpose in life, self-assessment of mental health, optimism, self-assessment of health, depression (negative conjugation), acceptance of a significant life situation, and prosocial tendencies are ranked. At the same time, intrapersonal (endopsychic) factors, such as resilience and the presence of a goal in life, have the greatest impact. Exopsychic factors, such as attitude to a significant life situation and prosocial orientation, as well as mental health (depression) and self-esteem, have a lesser impact.The greatest contribution to subjective well-being of intrapersonal characteristics found in the empirical study confirms the leading role of the individual in regulating the relationship between man and the world. The data obtained make it possible to build a hierarchy of significant health resources, which will allow more meaningful filling of health promotion programmes for representatives of various fields of activity, including higher education students.

PECULIARITIES OF THE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF YOUTH WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROCRASTINATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

Yuliia Prymak, Svitlana Derevianko — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The challenges of today, associated with prolonged uncertainty and daily risks due to the war, substantiated the relevance and expediency of the presented article. The purpose of the reconnaissance was to identify the features of the manifestation of the components of emotional intelligence, resilience in young people of adolescence during the war, taking into account the level of their procrastination. For this purpose, N. Hall's method was used to determine the level and components of emotional intelligence, the method of diagnosing resilience by K. Lappert, scale of general procrastination by C. Lei (adaptation by T. Yudieieva). The empirical study has covered 215 people (30.2% male, 69.8% female), whose average age was 18 years. It has been recorded that most young men and women currently have an average level of procrastination (but its level increases over time in adolescence), which has shown greater empathy and better management of their emotions. Individuals with a low level of postponement turned out to be more self-motivated, more aware of emotions and feelings. It has been shown that the increase in the manifestation of procrastination is differentiated by sex: women have a more noticeable tendency to decrease resistance, recognition of the emotions of others, self-motivation, general EI, empathy, management of their emotions; men – a decrease in emotional awareness, self-motivation, recognition of the emotions of others, resilience, but on the contrary, the growth of empathy, the management of one's emotions. In general, procrastination has shown a clear inverse relationship with resilience and emotional intelligence, its components. The analysis showed that in young people with different levels of postponement (low and medium), the components of emotional intelligence work differently (we are talking primarily about emotional awareness, empathy, managing one's emotions, self-motivation).

SELF-EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS – FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS

Svitlana Pukhno — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concepts of “self-efficacy”, “personal self-efficacy”, “professional self-efficacy”.It is determined that the features of self-efficacy at different life stages have their own specifics, determined by the social situation of human development, leading activity, and psychological neoplasms. The results of modern research are analyzed, according to which the adolescent period is an age stage where issues of self-efficacy become relevant. Researchers associate this with professional self- determination, the formation of professional competence, and opportunities for successful personal and professional self-realization. It is determined that the development and formation of self-efficacy ensures the development of adaptation strategies, personal changes of a human. The concept of “professional self-efficacy” is analyzed as the awareness by a specialist of the possibilities of solving complex professional situations on the basis of formed competencies and mobilization of professional abilities. Professional self-efficacy is formed during students’ training, the implementation of practice tasks. The following types of self-efficacy of future psychologists were analyzed - activity, communicative, personal. It was determined that personal self-efficacy indicates the presence of professionally important qualities of a person and confidence in the ability to perform professional tasks. Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the successful development of personal self-efficacy of future psychologists have been identified, namely: development of students’ reflective abilities; development of professionally important personal qualities; strengthening of a positive professional self-attitude; formation of components of a professional “self-concept”; formation of confidence in professional potential.

EDUCATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONALS UNDER SOCIAL RESTRICTIONS

Oleksandr Safin, Yuliia Teptiuk — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The differences in the manifestation and determination of the educational and developmental activity of students in normal life and in conditions of forced social isolation are analysed. It has been established that in conditions of self-isolation, the educational and developmental activity of students is higher than in normal life. In general, the manifestation of educational and developmental activity in applicants is determined by the psycho-emotional states of the individual.An empirical study of the characteristics of educational and developmental activity in conditions of forced self-isolation has revealed a tendency to increase its severity in most applicants and to identify its determinants. With a low degree of its manifestation, they were more sensitive to changes in learning conditions than their highly active peers; they were distinguished by pronounced reactions of frustration to the consequences of forced social restrictions and substitution of activity with other types of activity in the field of family relationships and health; their personal resources in general and their involvement in the process of life are factors of increasing activity, while states of mental activation, tension and comfort reduce it. For applicants with high educational and developmental activity, its determinants in self-isolation conditions include personal resources, the main of which is confidence in controlling events, as well as their focus on realising professional aspirations and satisfying interests in the field of leisure and hobbies.In general, the severity of educational and developmental activity in applicants under conditions of social restrictions is due to two interrelated factors: personal activity, which is determined by the degree of frustration at the consequences of social restrictions, depends on the ability to be active in the spheres of life or compensate for it with other forms of activity and use personal resources; mental states – emotional tone, comfort, tension and interests, which together determine the degree of mental activation of the individual.

APPROBATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE OF PROFESSIONAL FRUSTRATED PERSONALITY

Olesia Stoliarchuk — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of testing the author’s questionnaire for diagnosing professional frustrated personality. The relevance of the study is due to the limited number of Ukrainian-language tools for diagnosing personality characteristics as a subject of professional activity and the shortage of methods for studying crises in the professional development of a specialist.The aim of the study was to create and test the author`s questionnaire of professional frustrated personality.Frustrated personality is interpreted as a psychological characteristic of a personality, manifested in prolonged depression, disappointment, provoked by the inability to achieve the desired goal, satisfy one's needs due to obstacles or difficulties. Accordingly, professional frustrated personality of the individual arises on the basis of experiencing of a frustration in the professional sphere.The psychometric sample consisted of 597 working people with a representative distribution according to the criteria of gender, age and sphere of professional activity, which generally corresponds to the general population of Ukrainian society. The content reliability of the methodology items was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, which is 0.768, which is a sufficient indicator. Retest reliability was determined by re-surveying after 3 weeks and using correlation analysis, with the Pearson coefficient being 0.721. The validity of the method was determined by means of factorization (the explained variance is 66.627%) and correlation analysis with the indicators of the method of professional self-efficacy, where the Pearson coefficient is r= - 0.619. Standardization of the method involved the development of three levels of professional frustrated personality of the individual with the corresponding numerical ranges. Psychometric testing of the method of diagnosing professional frustration of the individual demonstrated sufficient indicators of reliability and validity of this questionnaire.

SELF-AWARENESS OF ADOLESCENTS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS: THE CHALLENGES OF WAR

Olena Tymoshenko, Irina Drobotko — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the problem of forming adolescents' self-awareness in wartime. The influence of socio-economic and political factors on the process of personality formation, especially in times of instability and crisis situations, is considered. It is determined that war is a powerful stressor that forces adolescents to reconsider their life orientations, adapt to new realities and search for meaning in the changed conditions of existence. Particular attention is paid to the structure of self-consciousness, which includes cognitive, emotional, social and moral and value components. It is emphasised that in times of war, traditional mechanisms of identity formation (social interaction, stable environment, family and peer support) undergo significant transformations. Adolescents may face the problems of loss of stability, psychological stress, social isolation, changes in value orientations and accelerated maturation. Psychodiagnostic methods were used in the study: ‘The Self-Consciousness Inventory (G. Butler and G. Haig) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). The correlation analysis using Pearson's criterion in the SPSS Statistics software showed a positive relationship between the level of self-awareness and the level of neuroticism (0.88). This suggests that adolescents with high self-awareness are more sensitive to their own emotional states, which can increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. At the same time, an adequate level of self-awareness helps to reduce negative emotional manifestations and form effective mechanisms of psychological adaptation. The findings emphasise the need to implement psychological support programmes for adolescents in crisis situations aimed at developing emotional literacy, self-regulation and coping skills. The study can serve as a basis for further research on psychological support for young people in difficult social conditions.

STUDIES OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN STUDENTS IN MARTIAL LAW

Oksana Tkachyshyna — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the study of important aspects of the problem of mental health in Ukraine, namely: to study the manifestations of anxiety and depression in student youth in the conditions of martial law. Much attention is paid to psychological analysis of the impact of war on the mental health of the population. The war in Ukraine is regarded as distress, which adversely affects the personality and its functioning, psyche and mental health of the individual. The mental health of the nation is the potential for the development of the state, because not only the peculiarities of the life of a particular person, but also the possibility and effectiveness of the performance of social roles and functions, its contribution to the development of society as a whole, depend on mental health. The article reveals such concepts as "anxiety", "depression", "mental state", their impact on the functioning of personality in the conditions of war. The main components of the mental state, such as activation, emotional, cognitive, are considered. It is emphasized that anxiety disorders and depression are very common in the modern world. The dynamism, unpredictability and difficulty of the modern world, which are characteristic of the human society nowadays contribute to the formation of anxiety and depressive disorders.The article contains some results of empirical study of students' mental states, such as anxiety and depression in the context of mental health problems in martial law. It is noted that anxiety is observed in 60 % of first year students (from mild degree – subclinically expressed anxiety to severe degree – clinically expressed anxiety). 40% of first-year students have indicators within normal limits, that is, are characterized by the absence of pronounced symptoms of anxiety. The depression indicator revealed that 22% of first year students show depression (from mild to moderate degree). And the rest of the subjects – 78% have indicators within normal limits, is are characterized by the absence of severe symptoms of depression. It is emphasized that anxiety and depression in students can adversely affect their educational performance. The importance of the social and psychological service of a higher education institution is emphasized, which should play an important role in overcoming negative mental states in students, providing psychological assistance to those who need it.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CONFLICTS IN A STUDENT GROUP DURING THE LEARNING PROCESS

Dmytro Usyk — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article analyzes the concept of conflict and its interpretation. A historical analysis of the understanding of the nature of conflict is conducted, and aspects of various classifications of conflicts are highlighted. The stages in the history of conflict studies and the main directions of foreign conflict research are identified. The constituent structural components of conflict behavior are analyzed. The specifics of conflict behavior in a student group are clarified, and it is determined that conflicts mainly arise in response to obstacles to achieving primary, i.e., core goals of educational activity, obstacles to achieving secondary, personal goals of joint educational activity, behavior that does not comply with accepted norms of relationships, behavior of people in joint educational activities that does not meet their expectations, and personal conflicts arising from the personal characteristics of participants in the student team. Theoretical aspects of the study of conflicts in a student group are highlighted.The results of a study on the psychological characteristics of conflicts in a student group during joint learning activities are presented.It was found that the majority of students showed a high level of readiness for conflict management, which means that the subjects possess a wide range of skills, knowledge, and approaches that help them effectively recognize, resolve, and preventively manage conflicts, the ability to find effective solutions and develop conflict prevention strategies, which are important for achieving harmonious relationships and preventing conflict situations. Students clearly demonstrate such conflict behavior strategies as collaboration and compromise. These two strategies are constructive approaches, as they are aimed at jointly solving problems and finding mutually acceptable solutions. They allow students to strive for understanding, cooperation, and building positive relationships with others.In addition, these strategies contribute to the development of communication skills, emotional intelligence, and tolerance, which are important in the educational environment and future career. The importance of studying conflicts in a student group has been confirmed.

NATIONAL MULTISUBJECT TEST AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR OF ACADEMIC SUCCESS

Inna Shatalovych, Oleksandr Shatalovych — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to an empirical study of the significance of the impact of the NMT factor on the academic performance of higher education students. The authors of the article find out the significance of the influence of previous academic achievements on students' academic performance, in particular, the score obtained at the national entrance examination (ACT and SAT in the USA, ZNO in Ukraine). In the context of war, the NMT format replaces the ZNO format, which requires an appropriate empirical confirmation of the predictive effectiveness of the multisubject test. The hypothesis of the study is that among the psychological factors of academic success of higher education students, the most significant is prior academic achievement (NMT). To test the hypothesis in the academic year 2023-2024, an empirical study was conducted, the sample of which consisted of 92 higher education students of different specialties of full-time study of the first and second years of bachelor's degree at two Ukrainian higher education institutions (Dnipro), aged 17-19 years, with a gender breakdown: women - 47.8 % and men - 52.2 %. The authors used psychological testing and questionnaires using Microsoft Forms as an empirical method of data collection. The authors used the following psychodiagnostic techniques: “Raven's Progressive Matrices”, the adapted Emotional Intelligence Inventory “EmIn”, the adapted Academic Motivation Scale, the adapted ADOR, and the adapted “Revised Perfectionism Scale”. Using linear regression analysis (paired and multiple), the authors find, firstly, that the predictor of NMT has the highest coefficient of determination compared to other predictors, which allows explaining the average academic performance score by almost 31.3%. Secondly, the multiple linear regression model with the NMT predictor has a better explanatory power than the model without it, and the NMT predictor has the highest standardised regression coefficient. Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed.