PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING CHINESE TO STUDENTS OF PRE-SCHOOL AND YOUNGER SCHOOL AGE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of learning Chinese by preschool and school-age pupils. The authors focused on the study of the methodology of teaching Chinese to children, the use of which allows achieving the expected positive result. The study made it possible to systematize the experience of Chinese language schools and offer an effective author’s methodology adapted for children’s audience. The conceptual foundations of learning Chinese grammar by preschool and school-age pupils are highlighted, taking into account the peculiarities of their age category. Considerable attention is paid to the Chinese written language. The authors emphasize the importance of mastering the basic rules of writing Chinese characters and describe their structure. The next important stage in writing Chinese characters is the practice of writing them. Attention is focused on the rules of Chinese calligraphy. Similar to the basic principles of writing characters, a list of five fundamental rules for depicting written characters is given, which must be strictly observed. The authors reveal the essence of an important component of the Chinese language – the Chinese Character Keys. The authors describe the main characteristics of Chinese character keys, which number 214 in the Chinese language. The author’s own method of learning the keys is proposed, designed for the age group of children of preschool and primary school age. The author describes a list of graphic elements as a specific component of Chinese characters, which in combination with the keys form the character itself. The article provides a list of both basic keys and graphic elements, the mastery of which makes it possible to develop children’s skills in writing characters in simple sentences and dialogues. These components are presented in the form of tables with relevant comments. The methodology proposed by the authors allows for the analysis of children’s songs, elementary texts, and the practice of dialogues. The article emphasizes the inclusion in the educational process of a number of motivational factors that are individual in nature and take into account the inclinations of the student’s personality. The authors refer to the results of a study by scientists, which confirm the usefulness of the impact of learning Chinese and mastering the technique of writing characters for the development of a human personality. The article outlines the main approaches to mastering the basic provisions of the Chinese language, which, if followed, will allow you to acquire the skills of knowing Chinese at an elementary level in a short period of regular classes.