TROPICS OF THE TIME REMOTE ORIGINAL WORK AS A PROBLEM OF COGNITIVE TRANSLATOLOGY (CASE STUDY OF UKRAINIAN RETRANSLATIONS OF SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDIES)

Abstract

The present research substantiates the tropeic means in the time-remote original texts and their Ukrainian retranslations as a reflection of the author’s and the translators’ idiostyle and establishes the degree of cognitive proximity of the analyzed tropes in the original and retranslations as a result of the translator's choice of a translation method. The material of the study was the tropes, chosen from W. Shakespeare’s tragedy “Romeo and Juliet” (1594), and their counterparts in Ukrainian retranslations performed by P. Pulish (1901), I. Steshenko (1952) and Yu. Andruhovych (2016). The article substantiates the concept of cognitive translatology, which involves the interaction of cognitive and linguistic structures in translation. The phenomenon of tropics is considered as a means of creating imagery by lexical and phraseological means. The article implements a new terminological apparatus of the translation transformations system. The study demonstrated that the synthesis of the literary style of the era and the translators’ idiostyles, which is visualized by comparing different retranslations of tropeic means (metaphors, similes, metonymy, etc.), performed with the involvement of different translation tactics, determines different degrees of cognitive proximity, such as cognitive equivalence, cognitive analogy, and cognitive variance. The most productive translation transformations turned out to be modulation, differentiation, concretization, amplification, elimination, which are determined with the differences in the literary styles and the author's idiostyles and cause stylistic cognitive analogy and referential cognitive variance. The achievement of cognitive equivalence by loan translation in all retranslations is minimal due to the differences in the socio-historical contexts and cultural-aesthetic environments.