FEATURES AND METHODS OF TRANSLATING ENGLISH LANGUAGE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS INTO UKRAINIAN (BASED ON A. MICHALIDIS NOVEL)

Abstract

Phraseological units are considered the most expressive part of the vocabulary of the language, because they reflect the history, wisdom, experience, morality and humor of the people. Thanks to their imagery, phraseological units convey all the subtlest shades, national flavor and enrich speech. Thanks to the peculiarities of phraseological units, the artistic text is filled with metaphors and imagery. These units are incredibly important and relevant research material among linguists and translation scholars. Phraseologisms are used constantly and there are many types of them. Their main purpose is functioning as a form of intercultural communication. The very fact that the language contains, in addition to simple words, entire word complexes that are identical to a word, the difficulty of finding an equivalent during translation, and the peculiarities of transmission during translation serves as a reason for us to investigate this very phenomenon. The problem of classification of phraseological units is often faced by linguists even today. In linguistics, there are semantic, ideographic, thematic, expressive-stylistic, structural, morphological classifications of phraseological units. The problem of translation of phraseological units is as relevant as the problem of their classification, so different scientists offer their own ways of translating them. After all, it is often impossible to convey phraseological units word for word, because they represent a single semantic whole. Most Ukrainian linguists distinguish the following main methods of translation: full or partial equivalent, phraseological analogue, lexical translation, descriptive translation and tracing. Less common ones include antonymic translation, contextual substitutions, and other grammatical transformations. All methods can be divided into phraseological and non-phraseological. Of course, scientists prefer the first type to preserve the imagery, color and meaning of the original expression. And literalism causes misunderstanding in the reader and spoils the perception of a phraseological unit. That is why, without knowledge of phraseology, it is impossible to appreciate the brightness and expressiveness of speech, to understand a play on words, a joke or even the meaning of the entire statement. The difficulty in the process of translating phraseological units was that the English and Ukrainian languages are different in terms of structure and connection between words. Also, phraseological units by their structure are semantically indivisible word combinations, the meaning and means of expression of which are significantly different from each other. Undoubtedly, difficulties in translating fixed expressions arise due to their national and cultural background.