ADJECTIVE HALFPREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION IN THE FOCUS OF LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC SEMANTICS

Abstract

The article clarifies the terminological meaning of the concepts “predicativeness”, “half-predicativeness”, “halfpredicative construction”, “halfpredicative syntactic connection”, “halfpredicative semantic-syntactic relations”, “secondary predication”. The definition of these syntactic terms remains an actual problem of theoretical grammar today. The author states that all grammatical categories are in a simple complex sentence. Its main feature is asymmetry, because in terms of structure simple complex sentences belong to the class of monopredicative units, and in terms of semantics ‒ to non-elementary ones. The article also summarizes different types of complicating components. The central place among them is occupied by separated secondary members of the sentence (according to the traditional classification) or semi-predicative constructions (according to the latest classification). The main component of semipredicative constructions are adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. It has been investigated that the concept of “halfpredicativeness” and “halfpredicative construction” is closely related to the morphological nature of individual words, their semantics and the possibilities of establishing syntactic connections in a sentence. In particular, the meaning of an adjective is formed not by the concept of objects of reality, but by the concept of qualities, relations, belonging. In addition, the adjective most often enters the syntactic structure of the sentence not independently, but as part of a substantive group of different semantics. In lexical-grammatical unity, the adjective not only clarifies the semantics of the main noun, but also specifies its meaning in the attributive and predicative positions. It is proved that abstract nouns in the basic structure of the sentence, although devoid of denotation, can simultaneously form the semantics of the statement. Under this condition, they become the signifier for the adjectival halfpredicative construction.