AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AS A TYPE OF DYSONTOGENESIS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SPECIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Abstract

The article discusses the concept of autism spectrum disorders through the approach of special psychology, that is a branch of psychological science that has close interdisciplinary links with areas such as general psychology, developmental psychology, pedagogical psychology, psychophysiology, and even neuropsychology. The article highlights that the work of special psychologists involves collaboration with other pedagogical and medical professionals in assisting individuals with various developmental disorders, including those with autism.The paper presents the structure of the most prominent scientists of modern domestic scientific theory and practice, which is based on the basis of special psychology in several areas of diagnostic and correctional and developmental activities. Special psychologists should study the means of sensory integration, the creation of a sensorimotor profile of persons with autism; know about methods of activating speech through verbal and alternative forms of communication.The article elaborates on the content of autism spectrum disorders as a variant of dysontogenesis, characterized by an imbalance in mental processes, difficulties in cognitive activities, social interaction, and communication in various situational contexts.The most significant feature identified is the presence of a limited number of repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and action sequences. Therefore, the negative consequence of such behavioral manifestations in individuals with ASD is the difficulty they face in the educational process, which hinders their full adaptation to a peer group. Psychological support involves collaboration between special psychologists and other professionals in preschool and general education institutions to understand the mental state of children with autism, their cognitive abilities, the possibility of initiating written speech, and organizing their learning activities. The decisive role lies in the coherence of differential diagnostics and psychological support in assisting individuals with autism throughout their lives.