CULTURE OF DENMARK IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Abstract

The article examines Danish art in the first half of the 19th century. It focuses on the emergence of a new Danish culture that later became an integral part of European musical art as a whole. There are historical episodes in Danish history that have parallels in contemporary Ukrainian life. Important cultural phenomena of Denmark in the first half of the 19th century are discussed. They allow us to understand the factors that drove Danish art of that period, offering deeper insight into the mechanism of this significant historical and cultural process. An important conclusion is that the so-called "Golden Age" was made possible by a complex mix of both positive and negative events in the country's life at that time. The article devotes significant attention to prominent cultural figures of 19th-century Denmark. It highlights the importance of the interaction between artists from various fields who were united by their love for their native culture, which fostered the development of national culture. Among these key figures are: writer Hans Christian Andersen, painter Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, playwright Adam Oehlenschläger, ballet master August Bournonville, sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, and composers Johann Peter Emilius Hartmann and Niels Gade. Danish musical art, alongside other forms of art, made a significant contribution to the development of European musical culture as a whole. Thanks to the works of composers Hartmann and Gade, a national opera and symphonic school emerged in Danish musical culture during this period. This is an important indicator when considering the achievements of the country's musical culture overall. It is noted that the work of these musical figures captivated composers such as Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, and Edvard Grieg. Nevertheless, Danish culture remains underexplored in Ukrainian musicology. Further research into the cultural processes of this period will allow for a deeper understanding of the origins of pan-European cultural trends and values. Important sources for the study of 19th-century Danish music include the works of D. Schor, S. Ravnkilde, Hartmann's letters, as well as studies by A. Selentz, M. Matter, J. L. Caron, A. Hammerich, G. Schepelern, and N. Krabbe. Research methods include comprehensive and interdisciplinary approaches. This was a time when art was life, and life was art. And these artists, like fairy-tale characters wandering through Denmark's history, left their significant mark on European culture.