THE SYSTEM OF MUSICAL EDUCATION OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY AND THE WORK OF UKRAINIAN COMPOSERS OF THE CLASSICISM ERA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/art/2025.1.28Keywords:
the era of classicism, Ukrainian composers of the second half of the 18th century, the system of musical education, choral singing, Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Neapolitan conservatories, counterpoint, composer's workAbstract
The article highlights the work of Ukrainian composers of the classicist era in the context of issues of obtaining professional musical education in contemporary Ukrainian and European educational institutions and through private lessons. It is noted that the system of special musical education in the territories inhabited by the Ukrainian ethnic group was aimed at training singers and did not provide for professional composition classes. In schools, one could obtain primary musical education and basic skills of choral singing, in colleges and academies – attend classes in choral and orchestral classes. For composing music, this education was clearly not enough, so Ukrainian artists of the second half of the 18th century acquired the necessary knowledge and practical skills outside Ukraine, through private lessons with experienced and authoritative Italian composers who taught the art of counterpoint. It is noted that the system of private lessons was the leading form of classes in contemporary European musical education. Based on the experience of studying in the Neapolitan conservatories of that time, classes in counterpoint were the highest stage of obtaining professional education and forming the foundations of composer skill. Students studied counterpoint on cantus firmus and fugue counterpoint, the tasks showed an increase in complexity, increasing the number of voices from two-voice to eight-voice counterpoint. Methodological guidelines and theoretical provisions of this academic discipline were set out in treatises on counterpoint, the author of one of them was Maxim Berezovsky's teacher, the famous Italian composer and teacher Giovanni Battista Martini. It is concluded that valuable private classes in counterpoint with famous Italian composers became the key to the formation of the composer skill of Ukrainian artists of the classicism era, who embodied the acquired skills in their own work.
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