EDUCATIONAL LOSSES AND APPROACHES TO TEACHING CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS DURING MARTIAL LAW

Abstract

The article examines the impact of martial law on the education of children with special educational needs (SEN), focusing on the scale of learning losses caused by disruptions in education, lack of access to resources, and psychological stress.It highlights that these children are among the most vulnerable groups, as they already require adapted learning conditions, while during wartime, they face additional challenges. Key issues include learning losses due to interruptions in education, unstable access to educational resources, psychological stress, destruction of school infrastructure, and forced migration. Such losses significantly affect the cognitive, emotional, and social development of students.The article emphasizes that minimizing the negative consequences of learning losses requires a comprehensive approach. Crucial strategies include the individualization of the educational process through the development of Individual Education Plans (IEPs), adaptation of learning materials to distance and blended learning formats, and implementation of personalized teaching methods. Modern technologies, such as educational platforms (Google Classroom, Zoom), and specialized programs for children with visual, hearing, or cognitive impairments, play a significant role.The importance of psychological support for children with SEN is also underscored in the article, which includes the involvement of school psychologists, art therapy, play therapy, and other corrective interventions. Additionally, the role of international organizations such as UNICEF and UNESCO are discussed in providing technical equipment and educational materials. The necessity of creating a safe educational environment is emphasized, including the arrangement of shelters, the organization of mobile learning centers, and ensuring safe routes to schools.The article concludes that the successful implementation of these approaches is possible only through the coordinated efforts of educators, parents, community organizations, and the state.