SENSORY INTEGRATION IN CHILDREN: DISORDERS AND WAYS TO OVERCOME SCHOOL SKILLS DISORDERS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of sensory integration disorders, which are the basis of many problems, in particular disorders at the language, behavioral, and educational levels. On the basis of the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, relevant justifications are made and further steps in the study of this problem are considered, which we see in the search for diagnostic criteria, assessment of sensory integration in children of preschool age and primary school age in order to create organizational and pedagogical conditions for its development. The purpose of the study is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the problem of sensory integration and substantiate ways to overcome them, in particular, to reveal the features and patterns of mental development in childhood. The study analyzes sensory integration disorders and considers its basic principles.A child’s cognition begins with his awareness of objects and phenomena of the world around him. All other forms of cognition, such as memory, thinking and imagination, are built on the basis of, and are the result of, the processing of perceptual images. Therefore, full-fledged intellectual development is impossible without relying on normal perception. Since the causes of sensory processing disorders have not yet been determined, therefore, a comparative analysis of four stages of the development of sensory integration in normotypical and impaired states has been carried out. We see practical significance in the creation of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical assistance to preschool children in the development and correction of sensory integration and ways to overcome disorders of school skills, based on a person-oriented approach. In practical correctional work, intensively use a set of exercises individual for each child, created on the basis of sensory diagnostics, the purpose of which was to strengthen, balance and develop the processing of sensory stimuli by the central nervous system. The considerable interest of researchers in the problem of sensory integration indicates that the issue remains relevant, since the younger generation faces perhaps the most important task of life – to choose their own professional path, its direction, and the methods of sensory integration will contribute to the disclosure of the potential of each individual with sensory integration disorders.