MODERN RESEARCH ON AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturalspu/2024.1.3Keywords:
heart rate variability, age, autonomic nervous system, time domain methods, frequency domain methods.Abstract
The article presents the results of the analysis of modern scientific research devoted to the study of the modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) indicators during human ontogenetic development. The study examines the importance of HRV indicators as almost the only tool for assessing the functional state of the autonomic nervous system, as well as the possibility of using these data in various fields of scientific and practical experience. Today, the measurement of heart rate variability is becoming more and more accessible and is used in various fields. It is important to note that the standardization of methods for measuring and analyzing HRV data has not yet been completed, and norms or reference values for HRV values in a healthy adult population remain inconclusive. Therefore, researchers of age-specific HRV face a number of tasks, such as determining reference values for all HRV indices of different age groups, taking into account gender differences. At the same time, it is important to consider that factors such as genetics, ethnic and cultural characteristics, social conditions and lifestyle can affect HRV. Research results indicate that HRV parameters in healthy individuals generally increase from the prenatal period of human development, reaching a peak at approximately 12–14 years of age. The highest level of HRV is usually observed between the ages of 20 and 25. However, already between the second and third decades of life, a decrease in HRV is recorded. Up to about 50 years, human HRV indicators can remain stable or decrease slowly and reach minimum values during the 7th decade. The need for an individualized approach to heart rate assessment in different age groups is emphasized. However, some studies provide a basis for the assumption that the decrease in heart rate variability with age is not an inevitable process, which requires further scientific research. Further studies of the problems of changes in HRV characteristics associated with age and other factors are important in cardiology and, especially, neurology, which contributes to the development of knowledge in medicine and human physiology.
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