PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RECOVERY AFTER PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN YOUNG MALES OF DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES

Abstract

The study focuses on analyzing the dynamics of changes in the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system during physical exercise in young males residing in the lowland areas of the Zakarpattia region, representing different morphological types. The research was conducted on 112 young males aged 17–21 years in the post-pubertal period of ontogenesis, residents of areas at altitudes of up to 400 meters above sea level in the Zakarpattia region. Observations, measurements, and analysis of adaptive changes in the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system were carried out during bicycle ergometry following two exercise loads of 1 W per 1 kg and 2 W per 1 kg, with a 5-minute interval, immediately after exercise, and three times post-exercise (at 1, 2, and 3 minutes). Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method via caliperometry. The relative fat and muscle components of body mass were assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis according to the criteria of McCarthy and D. Gallagher. The results demonstrated that after two workloads on the bicycle ergometer, which increased heart rate (HR) to 130–140 bpm, the recovery dynamics of HR exhibited a statistically significant decrease starting 30 seconds after the cessation of cyclic exercise. Following an exercise load of 2 W per 1 kg of body mass, which elevated HR to 180–190 bpm, the onset of a significant HR reduction was recorded after 120 seconds. Differences in arterial vascular responses to cyclic exercise were observed among young males from lowland areas of the Zakarpattia region, depending on their morphological type and body composition.During physical exertion at 90% VO₂ max, an increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) above baseline was observed only in endomesomorphic young males and those with a balanced somatotype. In contrast, young males with a low relative fat content and a very high relative skeletal muscle mass did not exhibit an increase in DBP above baseline. Thus, a relative predominance of the fat component and a relative decrease in the muscle component in the morphological profile of males induced a negative vascular response, leading to an increase in DBP above baseline.