BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF COMMON SOYBEAN PLANTS INFECTED WITH SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturalspu/2025.2.9Keywords:
Glycine max L., soybean mosaic virus; protein; trypsin inhibitor; proteases; biochemical indicators; plant resistanceAbstract
This study presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) infection on the biochemical parameters of soybean plants of Ukrainian breeding. The relevance of the research is determined by the considerable yield losses caused by SMV, which can reach 50–70%, as well as by the insufficient knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the host–pathogen interactions. Elucidating these mechanisms is crucial for the development of breeding strategies aimed at increasing soybean resistance to viral diseases.The objects of the study were healthy and SMV-infected plants of soybean cultivars ‘Avrora’, ‘Ariadna’, ‘Vasylkivska’, ‘Zmina’, ‘Evridika’, ‘Serenada’, ‘Syayvo’, ‘Odesytka’, ‘Tavriya’, and ‘Fenix’. The evaluation included total protein content, soluble sugars, flavonoids, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, as well as the activity of neutral protease and trypsin inhibitor.The results showed that viral infection induced complex metabolic changes: a significant reduction in protein and chlorophyll content, reflecting the suppression of photosynthetic activity, accompanied by an increase in soluble sugars in some cultivars. At the same time, a tendency towards flavonoid accumulation and variable changes in carotenoid content were observed, indicating the activation of antioxidant and adaptive mechanisms in response to stress. The nature of responses differed among cultivars: some (‘Vasylkivska’, ‘Fenix’) demonstrated more pronounced accumulation of protective metabolites, while others (‘Evridika’, ‘Odesytka’) exhibited higher susceptibility.Thus, the findings demonstrate that SMV significantly alters protein, carbohydrate, and pigment metabolism in soybean plants, with cultivar-specific responses highlighting the potential of certain genotypes for breeding resistant varieties. These data provide important insights into the biochemical mechanisms of resistance and can be applied in the development of practical strategies for crop protection.
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