THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF MODELING THE PROCESS OF TEACHING PHYSICAL EXERCISES TO PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

Abstract

The article provides a theoretical and methodological justification of modeling as an effective pedagogical approach in the process of teaching physical exercises to primary school students. In the modern educational environment, physical education is a key factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the development of physical qualities, health promotion and socialization of the personality of younger schoolchildren. The initial stage of mastering the technique of movements is especially significant, which lays the foundations of motor culture and motivation for prolonged physical activity. Modeling contributes to the optimization of the educational process by creating figurative or symbolic analogues of real motor actions adapted to the psychophysiological characteristics of primary school children. The authors of the article have identified the key principles of building a learning model: scientificity, accessibility, systematicity, activity, differentiation, clarity, awareness, practical orientation and safety. They ensure the integrity, logical consistency and effectiveness of the educational process. It is noted that the model should be flexible, adapted to the individual capabilities of students, taking into account their level of physical fitness, health, motor skills and motivation. The stages of implementing the model of teaching physical exercises are considered: analytical and preparatory, design, implementation, effectiveness assessment, correction and improvement, reflection and generalization. Each stage provides for specific goals, methods, means and assessment criteria, which ensures scientifically sound planning and management of the educational process. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the use of innovative technologies – in particular, video demonstrations and interactive simulators in the process of modeling physical exercises. These tools increase visibility, accessibility, motivation of primary school students, contribute to the development of self-control skills, self-analysis and self-correction of motor activity. The use of digital technologies not only facilitates the mastering of exercise techniques, but also activates cognitive activity, forms a conscious attitude towards physical education, and contributes to the formation of sustainable motivation for physical culture classes.