THE BALANCE OF INCLUSIVITY AND ADAPTIVITY: NORMATIVE FOUNDATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and practical foundations of inclusive and adaptive physical education within the contemporary educational system, particularly in the context of implementing the rights of children with special educational needs (SEN) to access physical activity. The relevance of the study stems from the need to develop an educational environment aligned with international inclusivity standards, human rights, and principles of equal access. The authors analyze the conceptual framework of inclusive and adaptive physical education, highlights their common and distinctive features, and outlines their respective roles in the physical development of children with SEN.The study provides a comprehensive review of key international documents – including the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UNESCO guidelines, the International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport, and the WHO Global Action Plan – as well as Ukrainian legislation (such as the Laws of Ukraine «On Education», «On Physical Culture and Sports», the Concept of Inclusive Education, and the Sanitary Regulations) governing the implementation of inclusive and adaptive practices in the field of physical education. Particular attention is paid to practical models implemented in European countries, the United States, and Canada, which could be relevant for adaptation within the Ukrainian educational context.The positive aspects of the research include the identification of progress in regulatory support and methodological guidance for inclusive physical education, as well as the emphasis on the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in fostering a safe and effective educational environment. Among the primary challenges noted by the authors are the lack of unified standards for adaptive physical education, insufficient teacher training, limited infrastructure, and the fragmented implementation of inclusion policies.In conclusion, the article substantiates the need for a systematic renewal of the methodological framework and practical mechanisms for implementing physical education for all students, with an emphasis on addressing individual needs, fostering social integration, and enabling the realization of physical potential. The study holds scholarly and practical value for researchers, educators, and policymakers interested in modernizing the field of physical education from the standpoint of inclusivity.