PROSPECTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS OF THE BIOCONVERSION PROCESS OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS FROM SLUDGE DEPOSITS OF NEGLECTED RECLAMATION SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturalspu/2025.2.20Keywords:
bioconversion, sludge deposits, organo-mineral fertilizers, reclamation systems, technological risks, environmental safetyAbstract
The article analyzes prospects and technological risks of bioconversion of sludge deposits from neglected reclamation systems of Ukraine into organo-mineral fertilizers. Scientific approaches to comprehensive substrate characterization through three-level research hierarchy are considered: physico-chemical, agrochemical and microbiological assessment of raw materials. International studies on organic waste bioconversion efficiency are analyzed, including works with thermophilic bacterial cultures Bacillus thermoamylovorans (67% organic matter reduction in 10 days at 60°C), hydrothermal carbonization with nitrogen extraction from deposits (6-8% dry matter), multi-stage anaerobic systems (10-30% methane production increase) and solid-phase fermentation with rhizosphere bacteria Burkholderia cenocepacia. Results of field trials of bioconverted fertilizers in lentil-corn rotation are systematized (126% increase in soil microbial carbon biomass, 49% nitrogen increase, 25% CO₂ evolution reduction). A conceptual technological scheme of biofermentation with controlled parameters is presented: humidity 50-60%, temperature 50-65°C, pH 6.5-8.0, optimal C:N ratio 25-30:1, use of selected thermophilic microorganism strains and controlled aeration. Agroecological advantages of the technology are identified: restoration of reclamation systems functionality, mineral fertilizer substitution, soil structure improvement, prolonged nutrient action and eutrophication risk reduction. Systematic classification of technological risks by three categories is conducted: microbiological (pathogenic contamination, incomplete bioconversion), chemical (heavy metals bioaccumulation, nutrient losses) and technical (process instability, energy costs, seasonal raw material variability). An integrated risk management system based on HACCP principles with automated monitoring systems and preventive control of critical parameters is proposed. The review demonstrates high potential of sludge bioconversion technology for sustainable agricultural development while requiring comprehensive risk management strategies for successful commercialization.
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