THE PECULIARITIES OF THE TRAINING PROCESS IN THE PREPARATORY PERIOD OF SKIING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Abstract

Skiing is an important component of the physical education system, and has significant health, educational and practical value, as it has a versatile effect on the body of those who practice it. The preparatory period – is an integral part of the overall process of a skier’s year-round training. The article defines the main tasks of the preparatory period, which include general and specific basic preparation in this way increasing the functional capabilities of the skier’s body and further improving special physical qualities. The structure of the preparatory period of the training process, consisting of three stages: spring-summer, summer-autumn and autumn-winter, is presented. The ratio of means of general physical preparation (GPP) and special physical preparation (SPP) within the structure of the preparatory period is determined. The main tasks, training tools (main and additional) and methods of each stage of the preparatory period are defined. Spring- Summer Training Phase Objectives: gradual increase in the amount of training load with a wide variety of exercises, improvement of general physical fitness, enhancement of technical skills. Training tools encompass running, simulated walking, jumping simulations, and specialized exercises. Training methods rhythmical, variable, game-based, exercises to develop speed and strength, repeated. Late Summer-Fall Preparatory Phase Objectives: maintaining the volume of cyclic exercises, increasing aerobic fitness, gradually increasing the intensity of training, increasing strength endurance, refining skier technique, forming moral and willpower qualities the circle of training tools narrows, their special orientation increases, the intensity in steady-state and non-stop running, simulations, movement on roller skates. Autumn-Winter Preparatory Phase Main Goals: further increasing aerobic fitness and overall endurance, , restoration and improvement of technical skills of movement on skis, developing specific endurance, and mental and volitional preparation. Primary training tools include skiing at moderate and medium paces, running, and general developmental exercises. Both steady-state and variable training methods are applied.