THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF TRAINING GOALKEEPERS BASED ON EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

Abstract

An analysis of foreign scientific literature was conducted to study the experiences of European specialists in improving the training process for football goalkeepers. The study examined the requirements for modern goalkeepers, including the technical, physical, tactical, and psychological aspects necessary for successfully performing this role in contemporary football. Data from current scientific research and practical coaching experiences were systematized to investigate key characteristics of goalkeepers and develop strategies for their growth, incorporating European practices into Ukrainian football training. The findings indicate that a goalkeeper must possess refined skills in ball handling, deflection, footwork, and goal exits. Modern training should include exercises focusing on quick reactions, adaptation to unpredictable situations, and maintaining precision under stress. Training programs must consider the specific demands of the goalkeeper’s position, which involve shorter total distances covered compared to other players but require higher intensity in short movements. The analysis of professional scientific literature reveals that a comprehensive approach to goalkeeper training should incorporate simulations of real-game situations to enhance technical and tactical skills. An essential aspect is the integration of psychological preparation into the training process using visualization and stress-management techniques. Strong mental resilience and the ability to recover quickly from errors are critical for goalkeepers. Training under high-stress scenarios fosters confidence and adaptability essential for successful gameplay. Thus, the analysis of European practices in goalkeeper training highlights that employing multifaceted training programs supports the harmonious development of all these aspects.