STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ATTACKING ACTIONS IN FEMALE BEACH VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS CONSIDERING AGE AND PLAYING ROLE

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the competitive activity structure in female beach volleyball players across three age categories: 13–15, 16–17, and 18–19 years. The research focuses on identifying specific differences in technical and tactical actions based on playing roles – blockers and defenders. The analysis is grounded in data obtained from video observation and recording of 60 official matches of the Ukrainian Girls' Championship. A detailed system of indicators was developed and applied to evaluate six key technical elements: serve, reception, set, attack, block, and defensive actions, considering their localization, quality, and effectiveness. A comparative characterization of quantitative and qualitative indicators of competitive activity was conducted, emphasizing the relationship between the athletes' age, their functional role on the court, and the final match outcome (win/loss). The study results demonstrate a clear trend towards an increase in the total number of technical actions performed as the volleyball players' age increases. Specifically, a significant rise in the proportion of jump serves and effective blocks was recorded in older age groups, indicating an increase in game tempo, intensity, and athleticism. It was found that playing role is a significant factor influencing the choice of specific technical skills and tactical options, especially in serving and defensive actions.For instance, defenders in older age groups more frequently resort to aggressive jump serves, while blockers may opt for tactically sound standing serves to quickly transition to net play. The obtained data substantiate the need for an individualized approach in developing training programs aimed at enhancing technical preparedness. The use of video analysis as a diagnostic tool allows for an objective assessment of athletes' strengths and weaknesses, identification of specific needs depending on age and playing role, and, consequently, optimization of the training process. The research findings can be utilized by coaches and specialists to improve training methodologies for female beach volleyball players, ensuring a more targeted development of necessary skills and an increase in competitive activity effectiveness.