INTEGRATION OF GYMNASTIC ELEMENTS INTO THE SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF CHILDREN AND BEGINNER ATHLETES

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of teaching basic gymnastic elements in the process of physical training for parkour as a fundamental basis for developing motor qualities in children and beginner athletes aged 10-16. The significance of artistic gymnastics is substantiated as a means of developing strength, coordination, flexibility, endurance, and discipline – essential prerequisites for the safe performance of complex acrobatic elements in parkour. It is determined that mastering basic gymnastic elements (rolls, supports, handstands, balance elements, acrobatic transitions) contributes to the development of coordination, spatial orientation, movement control, and injury prevention during training. Purpose of the study. Scientific substantiation and development of a methodology for effective teaching of basic parkour elements, considering the physical, technical, mental, and spatial preparation of children and beginner athletes. Research objectives: – to analyze the technique of performing basic parkour elements; – to determine the pedagogical conditions for effective teaching of gymnastic elements in the process of parkour training; – to develop a methodology for teaching parkour elements using visual, game-based, and differentiated learning methods. Methodology. The study is based on the principles of the theory of physical education, movement pedagogy, and the principles of gradualness, awareness, and visualization in learning. The approach relies on activity-based and competence-oriented methods, ensuring active participation of students through self-analysis, peer assessment, and situational modeling. Materials and methods: – analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature on the theory of physical education, parkour, and artistic gymnastics; – pedagogical observation of the learning process of basic elements (Precision Jump, Safety Vault, Roll, Cat Leap, Climb Up); – modeling of the learning process of basic parkour elements. Conclusions. As a result, a methodology for teaching was developed based on the principles of movement naturalness, gradual progression, visualization, and task variability. A system of preparatory and technical exercises (Precision Jump, Safety Vault, Roll, Cat Leap, Climb Up) is proposed, along with the use of game modeling, video analysis, graphic schemes, peer evaluation, and a differentiated approach. The effectiveness of training is ensured through the use of thematic microcycles that allow for the gradual improvement of technique, coordination, and the integration of movement sequences.