FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINGER AND HAND PRAXIS IN CHILDREN 4–5 YEARS OLD WITH SPEECH DISORDERS

Abstract

The article describes the features of the development of finger and hand praxis in middle preschool children with speech disorders. It is determined that praxis means the performance of conscious, highly organized, purposeful and voluntary coordinated motor actions. Kinesthetic praxis is responsible for the perception, storage and analysis of information about the position and movements of one’s own body, which comes as a result of irritation of skin receptors and proprioceptors. Kinetic praxis is responsible for the implementation of motor activity and is functionally related to the area of the frontal lobe cortex, from which nerve impulses come that trigger the work of muscles, tendons and joints. It has been proven that the formation of the motor organization of speech is closely related to the development of the child’s general motor skills. When preparing a child for active speech, it is important to pay attention not only to articulation exercises, but also to training the movements of the fingers; the hand can be considered as part of the speech apparatus, and the motor projection zone of the hand as an additional speech area of the brain. It has been established that children with speech disorders often exhibit manifestations of general motor deficiency, as well as deviations in the development of fine motor skills of the hands. Among the most common disorders are insufficient regulation of voluntary movements, reduced coordination and clarity of their execution, difficulties in switching between movements and automating new actions, the presence of concomitant or unnecessary movements, as well as general incoordination and chaos of motor acts. Two tests were chosen to study finger kinesthetic praxis (finger praxis of poses according to a visual model (goat horns, bagel, bunny, trident); finger praxis according to a kinesthetic model). Studies of kinesthetic praxis showed: a high level of formation was found in 40% of children, an average level in 30%, a low level in 30%. Studies of kinetic praxis revealed the following results: a high level in 30% of children, an average level in 50%, a low level in 20% of children.