PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF ATHLETES FOR ATHLETICS COMPETITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/olimpspu/2025.3.17Keywords:
athletics, psychological training, situational management, timingAbstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological training of athletes, which is a key factor in achieving high sports results in conditions of intense competition and psychological pressure. The study aims to determine the role of general and special psychological training in forming athletes' psychological readiness for athletic competitions, as well as to develop recommendations for its improvement. The methods of analysis, synthesis and generalisation of psychological and pedagogical literature were used in the study. Attention is focused on the analysis of athletics as an individual sport that requires high resiliency from athletes, which proves the importance of psychological training of athletes for competitions. Two types of psychological training for competitions are characterised: general and special. General psychological training, carried out during training and competitions, is aimed at forming a sports character characterized by the stability of performances, progress of results and the ability to surpass training indicators. It helps to overcome objective (sport-specific) and subjective (individual) difficulties, developing confidence, resiliency and morale. Special psychological training for a particular competition includes four phases of the pre-competition period, including information gathering, formulation of a competitive goal, actualisation of motives, probable programming of activities, self-regulation and preservation of neuropsychic balance. Particular attention is paid to situational management and timing, which reduce mental stress through relaxation, storytelling and mobilising suggestions. Psychological readiness for competition is determined by confidence, the desire to win, optimal emotional arousal, resiliency and the ability to self-regulate. The results of the study indicate that effective psychological training requires an individual approach, taking into account the structure of the athlete's personality.
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